Metformin Ameliorates Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Obesity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Histological Analysis
2.4. Serum Analysis
2.5. Semen Quality Analysis
2.6. Testicular Cholesterol and Sex Hormone Analysis
2.7. Western Blotting Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Metformin Ameliorates the Glucose Level and HOMA-IR But Not Body Weight and Lipid Profiles
3.2. Metformin Treatment Reverses neither Liver Weight nor Liver Steatosis in Obese Mice
3.3. Metformin Treatment Improves the Testicular Spermatogenesis and Semen Quality in Obese Mice
3.4. Metformin Acts to Increase Testosterone Level in Obese Mice through Upregulating 17β-HSD Expression
3.5. Metformin Suppresses the Oxidative Stress Level in the Testis but Dose Not Reverse the Testicular Apoptosis and Inflammation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | NC | HFC | HFC + Met |
Corn starch | 41.0 | 29.5 | 29.5 |
Dextrin | 15.5 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Sucrose | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Cellulose | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Casein | 19.0 | 19.0 | 19.0 |
Soybean oil | 4.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Mineral mix | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Vitamin mix | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Choline | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Cholesterol | - | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Cysteine | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
TBHQ | 0.25 | 0.0008 | 0.0008 |
Metformin | - | - | 0.05 |
Energy (%) | NC | HFC | HFC + Met |
Carbohydrate | 70 | 43 | 43 |
Fat | 10 | 40 | 40 |
Protein | 20 | 17 | 17 |
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Liu, C.-Y.; Chang, T.-C.; Lin, S.-H.; Wu, S.-T.; Cha, T.-L.; Tsao, C.-W. Metformin Ameliorates Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071932
Liu C-Y, Chang T-C, Lin S-H, Wu S-T, Cha T-L, Tsao C-W. Metformin Ameliorates Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071932
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Chin-Yu, Ting-Chia Chang, Shyh-Hsiang Lin, Sheng-Tang Wu, Tai-Lung Cha, and Chih-Wei Tsao. 2020. "Metformin Ameliorates Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Obesity" Nutrients 12, no. 7: 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071932