Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
- Whether quarantine resulted in increased food consumption, snacking, and cooking;
- Daily number of consumed meals and snacks during quarantine;
- Frequency of consumption of selected food products (fresh vegetables and fruits, legumes, grain products, meat products, dairy, fast-foods, sweets, and salty snacks) during the quarantine;
- Frequency of breakfast consumption during quarantine;
- Observed weight change during quarantine;
- Alcohol consumption in the general population and in individuals addicted to alcohol during quarantine;
- Smoking frequency in smokers during quarantine;
- Level of fears of contracting SARS-CoV-2 during grocery shopping and through contact with food products.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Dietary Patterns
3.3. Reported Change of Weight
3.4. Alcohol Consumption and Smoking
3.5. Fears During Grocery Shopping and Food Contact
3.6. Limitations
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age (years) mean ± SD (min–max) 18–25, n (%) 26–35, n (%) 36–45, n (%) >45, n (%) | 27.7 ± 9.0 (18–71) 588 (53.6) 310 (28.3) 144 (13.1) 54 (4.9) |
Gender Female, n (%)/Male, n (%) | 1043 (95.1)/54 (4.9) |
Weight (kg) mean ± SD (min–max) Body Mass Index (kg/m2) mean ± SD (min–max) Underweight (<18.5), n (%) Normal weight (18.5–24.9), n (%) Overweight (25.0–29.9), n (%) Obesity (≥30.0), n (%) | 66.0 ± 14.5 (40–140) 23.5 ± 4.8 (14.4–57.8) 87 (7.9) 699 (63.7) 217 (19.8) 94 (8.6) |
Occupation Unemployed, n (%) Student, n (%) Full-time worker, n (%) | 110 (10.0) 518 (47.2) 469 (42.8) |
Place of living Urban, n (%)/Rural, n (%) | 881 (80.3)/216 (19.7) |
Education Primary, n (%) Secondary, n (%) Tertiary, n (%) Vocational, n (%) | 35 (3.2) 474 (43.2) 567 (51.7) 21 (1.9) |
Declared addictions Alcohol, n (%)/Smoking, n (%) | 14 (1.3)/155 (14.1) |
Underweight | Normal BMI | Overweight | Obese | Pearson’s χ2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eating more | 40.7 | 30.6 | 48.8 | 55.3 | p < 0.05 |
Snacking more | 46.5 | 50.1 | 55.3 | 61.7 | p < 0.05 |
Cooking more | 63.3 | 62.1 | 62.6 | 63.3 | p > 0.05 |
>1 per Day | Once per Day | Few Times per Week | Once per Week | Once per Month | Occasionally | Never | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of Surveyed [%] | |||||||
Vegetables and fruits | 25.1 | 42.1 | 25.5 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Legumes | 3.6 | 16.8 | 40.2 | 20.7 | 11.4 | 5.5 | 1.9 |
Grain products | 19.4 | 44.8 | 26.1 | 6.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 |
Meat products | 3.1 | 18.0 | 28.5 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 36.8 |
Dairy | 11.0 | 38.1 | 30.3 | 8.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 5.7 |
Fast-foods | 0.3 | 0.7 | 6.7 | 12.8 | 27.8 | 28.3 | 23.4 |
Instant products | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 5.7 | 41.5 | 0.0 | 39.2 |
Sweets | 6.7 | 26.1 | 36.6 | 17.7 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 2.8 |
Salty snacks | 1.5 | 6.3 | 22.6 | 25.3 | 19.8 | 13.7 | 10.8 |
Coffee | 27.7 | 30.1 | 10.4 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 17.1 |
Tea | 37.1 | 29.6 | 17.4 | 5.3 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 3.4 |
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Sidor, A.; Rzymski, P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6):1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
Chicago/Turabian StyleSidor, Aleksandra, and Piotr Rzymski. 2020. "Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland" Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
APA StyleSidor, A., & Rzymski, P. (2020). Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients, 12(6), 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657