In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Commercial Prebiotic GOS and FOS Products on Human Colonic Caco–2 Cells
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Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
2
Saputo Dairy UK, Innovation Centre, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051281
Received: 12 March 2020
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Revised: 21 April 2020
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Accepted: 28 April 2020
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Published: 30 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Prebiotics and Probiotics)
Prebiotic oligosaccharides are widely used as human and animal feed additives for their beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. However, there are limited data to assess the direct effect of such functional foods on the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to describe the differential transcriptomes and cellular pathways of colonic cells directly exposed to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). We have examined the differential gene expression of polarized Caco–2 cells treated with GOS or FOS products and their respective mock-treated cells using mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 89 significant differentially expressed genes were identified between GOS and mock-treated groups. For FOS treatment, a reduced number of 12 significant genes were observed to be differentially expressed relative to the control group. KEGG and gene ontology functional analysis revealed that genes up-regulated in the presence of GOS were involved in digestion and absorption processes, fatty acids and steroids metabolism, potential antimicrobial proteins, energy-dependent and -independent transmembrane trafficking of solutes and amino acids. Using our data, we have established complementary non-prebiotic modes of action for these frequently used dietary fibers.
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Keywords:
prebiotics; oligosaccharides; GOS; FOS; RNA-seq; transcriptome; functional pathway analysis; Caco–2; polarized monolayers
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lafontaine, G.M.F.; Fish, N.M.; Connerton, I.F. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Commercial Prebiotic GOS and FOS Products on Human Colonic Caco–2 Cells. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051281
AMA Style
Lafontaine GMF, Fish NM, Connerton IF. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Commercial Prebiotic GOS and FOS Products on Human Colonic Caco–2 Cells. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5):1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051281
Chicago/Turabian StyleLafontaine, Geraldine M.F., Neville M. Fish, and Ian F. Connerton. 2020. "In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Commercial Prebiotic GOS and FOS Products on Human Colonic Caco–2 Cells" Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051281
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