Serum Metabolomics Profiling of Commercially Mixed Functional Foods—Effects in Beta-Amyloid Induced Rats Measured Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Preparation of Aβ-42 and Surgery
2.3. Morris Water Maze (MWM) Test
2.4. Open Field Test (OFT)
2.5. Y-Maze Test
2.6. Statistical Analysis for Behavioural Study
2.7. H NMR Spectroscopy
2.8. Statistical Analysis of 1H NMR Spectra
2.9. Pathway Analysis of 1H NMR Spectra
3. Results
3.1. Morris Water Maze (MWM) Test
3.2. Open Field Test (OFT)
3.3. Y-Maze Test
3.4. H NMR Metabolomic Analysis
3.5. Identification of Affected Metabolites
3.6. Metabolic Pathway Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Metabolites | Fold Change | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
NC vs. Abeta | MFF vs. Abeta | Abeta–MFF vs. Abeta | Abeta–NAC vs. Abeta | |
Succinate | −0.83 * | −0.70 ** | +1.08 | −0.89 |
Glutamine | −0.87 | −0.89 | +1.18 * | +1.03 |
Pantothenate | −0.48 *** | −0.47 *** | +1.04 | −0.85 |
Pyruvate | +1.29 * | −0.98 | +1.31 * | +1.07 |
Citrate | +2.22 | +1.03 | +1.23 * | +1.03 |
3-hydroxybutyrate | +1.03 | +1.18 | +1.25 * | +1.2 * |
Leucine | −0.64 | −0.55 * | −0.72 | −0.62 |
Alanine | 1.00 | −0.72 *** | +1.08 | −0.90 |
Choline | −0.95 | −0.60 ** | +1.03 | −0.46 *** |
Lactate | −0.91 | −0.70 ** | +1.07 | −0.9 |
Glucose | −0.72 ** | −0.83 | +1.07 | −0.98 |
O-acetylcholine | −0.91 | −0.72 ** | +1.11 | −0.8 * |
Pathways | P (Raw P) | −Log (p) | * FDR | Impact |
---|---|---|---|---|
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis | 0.00354 | 5.64 | 0.0717 | 0.33 |
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism | 0.0000299 | 10.4 | 0.00242 | 0.15 |
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 0.000504 | 7.59 | 0.0136 | 0.15 |
Pyruvate metabolism | 0.0141 | 4.26 | 0.225 | 0.19 |
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Rosli, N.H.M.; Yahya, H.M.; Ibrahim, F.W.; Shahar, S.; Ismail, I.S.; Azam, A.A.; Rajab, N.F. Serum Metabolomics Profiling of Commercially Mixed Functional Foods—Effects in Beta-Amyloid Induced Rats Measured Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3812. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123812
Rosli NHM, Yahya HM, Ibrahim FW, Shahar S, Ismail IS, Azam AA, Rajab NF. Serum Metabolomics Profiling of Commercially Mixed Functional Foods—Effects in Beta-Amyloid Induced Rats Measured Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3812. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123812
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosli, Nur Hasnieza Mohd, Hanis Mastura Yahya, Farah Wahida Ibrahim, Suzana Shahar, Intan Safinar Ismail, Amalina Ahmad Azam, and Nor Fadilah Rajab. 2020. "Serum Metabolomics Profiling of Commercially Mixed Functional Foods—Effects in Beta-Amyloid Induced Rats Measured Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3812. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123812