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Nutrients
Volume 12
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10.3390/nu12123671
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Article

Subacute Ingestion of Caffeine and Oolong Tea Increases Fat Oxidation without Affecting Energy Expenditure and Sleep Architecture: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Cross-Over Trial

by
Simeng Zhang
1,
Jiro Takano
2,
Norihito Murayama
2,
Morie Tominaga
1,
Takashi Abe
1,
Insung Park
1,
Jaehoon Seol
3,
Asuka Ishihara
1,
Yoshiaki Tanaka
1,
Katsuhiko Yajima
4,
Yoko Suzuki
1,
Chihiro Suzuki
1,
Shoji Fukusumi
1,
Masashi Yanagisawa
1,
Toshio Kokubo
1 and
Kumpei Tokuyama
1,*
1
International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
2
Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
3
R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
4
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3671; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123671
Received: 28 October 2020 / Revised: 24 November 2020 / Accepted: 27 November 2020 / Published: 28 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)
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Abstract

Ingesting oolong tea or caffeine acutely increases energy expenditure, and oolong tea, but not caffeine, stimulates fat oxidation. The acute effects of caffeine, such as increased heart rate and interference with sleep, diminish over 1–4 days, known as caffeine tolerance. During each 14-day session of the present study, 12 non-obese males consumed oolong tea (100 mg caffeine, 21.4 mg gallic acid, 97 mg catechins and 125 mg polymerized polyphenol), caffeine (100 mg), or placebo at breakfast and lunch. On day 14 of each session, 24-h indirect calorimetry and polysomnographic sleep recording were performed. Caffeine and oolong tea increased fat oxidation by ~20% without affecting energy expenditure over 24-h. The decrease in the respiratory quotient by oolong tea was greater than that by caffeine during sleep. The effect of oolong tea on fat oxidation was salient in the post-absorptive state. These findings suggest a role of unidentified ingredients in oolong tea to stimulate fat oxidation, and this effect is partially suppressed in a postprandial state. Two weeks of caffeine or oolong tea ingestion increased fat oxidation without interfering with sleep. The effects of subacute ingestion of caffeine and oolong tea differed from the acute effects, which is a particularly important consideration regarding habitual tea consumption. View Full-Text
Keywords: whole room indirect calorimetry; respiratory quotient; fat oxidation; carbohydrate oxidation; body temperature; caffeine tolerance whole room indirect calorimetry; respiratory quotient; fat oxidation; carbohydrate oxidation; body temperature; caffeine tolerance
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, S.; Takano, J.; Murayama, N.; Tominaga, M.; Abe, T.; Park, I.; Seol, J.; Ishihara, A.; Tanaka, Y.; Yajima, K.; Suzuki, Y.; Suzuki, C.; Fukusumi, S.; Yanagisawa, M.; Kokubo, T.; Tokuyama, K. Subacute Ingestion of Caffeine and Oolong Tea Increases Fat Oxidation without Affecting Energy Expenditure and Sleep Architecture: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123671

AMA Style

Zhang S, Takano J, Murayama N, Tominaga M, Abe T, Park I, Seol J, Ishihara A, Tanaka Y, Yajima K, Suzuki Y, Suzuki C, Fukusumi S, Yanagisawa M, Kokubo T, Tokuyama K. Subacute Ingestion of Caffeine and Oolong Tea Increases Fat Oxidation without Affecting Energy Expenditure and Sleep Architecture: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123671

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Simeng, Jiro Takano, Norihito Murayama, Morie Tominaga, Takashi Abe, Insung Park, Jaehoon Seol, Asuka Ishihara, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Katsuhiko Yajima, Yoko Suzuki, Chihiro Suzuki, Shoji Fukusumi, Masashi Yanagisawa, Toshio Kokubo, and Kumpei Tokuyama. 2020. "Subacute Ingestion of Caffeine and Oolong Tea Increases Fat Oxidation without Affecting Energy Expenditure and Sleep Architecture: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Cross-Over Trial" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123671

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