The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in the MCC Spain Study
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Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
2
Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
3
Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08003, Spain
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Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-Molecular), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
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Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma 07120, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Unit of Information and Interventions in Infections and Cancer (UNIC-I&I), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
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Haematology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
10
Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
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Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
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Research group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona 17071, Spain
15
Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona 17007, Spain
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Universidad de Oviedo, área de medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Oviedo 33003, Spain
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Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
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IUOPA: Instituto de Oncología de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo 33003, Spain
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Haematology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Hematología. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio PTS de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
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Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid 28035, Spain
22
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), Columbia, SC 29201, USA
25
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
27
PATH, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors shared senior authorship.
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010048
Received: 25 October 2019 / Revised: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 / Published: 23 December 2019
Chronic inflammation plays a role in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and diet might modulate chronic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and CLL. A total of 366 CLL cases and 1643 controls of the Spanish multicase-control (MCC) Spain study were included. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) based on 30 items from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders. Overall, a modest, non-statistically significant, positive association was observed between CLL and E-DII scores (OR for a one-unit increase in E-DII: 1.05 (CI 95%: 0.99, 1.12), p-value = 0.09 and by tertiles: ORT2vsT1: 1.20 (CI 95%: 0.90, 1.59); OR T3vsT1: 1.21 (CI 95%: 0.90, 1.62), p trend = 0.21). These results were independent from disease severity (p-het: 0.70), time from diagnosis (p-het: 0.67) and CLL treatment received (p-het: 0.56). No interactions were detected. In conclusion, the consumption of a diet with high pro-inflammatory components was not significantly associated with CLL. Changes towards a more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern in younger generations not included here warrant future research.