The Mediterranean Diet and Cancer: What Do Human and Molecular Studies Have to Say about It?
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Castro-Quezada, I.; Román-Viñas, B.; Serra-Majem, L. The Mediterranean Diet and Nutritional Adequacy: A Review. Nutrients 2014, 6, 231–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Martínez-González, M.A.; Gea, A.; Ruiz-Canela, M. The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health. Circ. Res. 2019, 124, 779–798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schwingshackl, L.; Schwedhelm, C.; Galbete, C.; Hoffmann, G. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1063. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Toledo, E.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Donat-Vargas, C.; Buil-Cosiales, P.; Estruch, R.; Ros, E.; Corella, D.; Fitó, M.; Hu, F.B.; Arós, F.; et al. Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern. Med. 2015, 175, 1752–1760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- de Lorgeril, M.; Salen, P.; Martin, J.-L.; Monjaud, I.; Boucher, P.; Mamelle, N. Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in a Randomized Trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 1998, 158, 1181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aune, D.; Giovannucci, E.; Boffetta, P.; Fadnes, L.T.; Keum, N.; Norat, T.; Greenwood, D.C.; Riboli, E.; Vatten, L.J.; Tonstad, S. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality—A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2017, 46, 1029–1056. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aune, D.; Lau, R.; Chan, D.S.M.; Vieira, R.; Greenwood, D.C.; Kampman, E.; Norat, T. Nonlinear reduction in risk for colorectal cancer by fruit and vegetable intake based on meta-analysis of prospective studies. Gastroenterology 2011, 141, 106–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aune, D.; Chan, D.S.M.; Vieira, A.R.; Rosenblatt, D.A.N.; Vieira, R.; Greenwood, D.C.; Norat, T. Fruits, vegetables and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2012, 134, 479–493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, X.; Wei, J.; He, X.; An, P.; Wang, H.; Jiang, L.; Shao, D.; Liang, H.; Li, Y.; Wang, F.; et al. Landscape of dietary factors associated with risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur. J. Cancer 2015, 51, 2820–2832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, H.; Wang, X.-C.; Hu, G.-H.; Guo, Z.-F.; Lai, P.; Xu, L.; Huang, T.-B.; Xu, Y.-F. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of bladder cancer: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2015, 24, 508–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Yang, T.; Guo, X.; Li, D. The Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Lung Cancer Risk in Participants with Different Smoking Status: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1791. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guo, X.; Shao, X.; Li, J.; Li, S.; Li, K.; Li, D. Fruit and vegetable intake and liver cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Food Funct. 2019, 10, 4478–4485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, X.; Ouyang, Y.; Liu, J.; Zhu, M.; Zhao, G.; Bao, W.; Hu, F.B. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2014, 349, g4490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yao, B.; Yan, Y.; Ye, X.; Fang, H.; Xu, H.; Liu, Y.; Li, S.; Zhao, Y. Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of bladder cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Causes Control 2014, 25, 1645–1658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vieira, A.R.; Abar, L.; Chan, D.S.M.; Vingeliene, S.; Polemiti, E.; Stevens, C.; Greenwood, D.; Norat, T. Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR Continuous Update Project. Ann. Oncol. 2017, 28, 1788–1802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xu, Y.; Yang, J.; Du, L.; Li, K.; Zhou, Y. Association of whole grain, refined grain, and cereal consumption with gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Food Sci. Nutr. 2019, 7, 256–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aune, D.; Keum, N.; Giovannucci, E.; Fadnes, L.T.; Boffetta, P.; Greenwood, D.C.; Tonstad, S.; Vatten, L.J.; Riboli, E.; Norat, T. Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ 2016, 353, i2716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, B.; Sun, Y.; Qi, L.; Zhong, R.; Miao, X. Dietary legume consumption reduces risk of colorectal cancer: Evidence from a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 8797. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Mao, Q.-Q. Legume intake and risk of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Oncotarget 2017, 8, 44776–44784. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aune, D.; Chan, D.S.M.; Lau, R.; Vieira, R.; Greenwood, D.C.; Kampman, E.; Norat, T. Dietary fibre, whole grains, and risk of colorectal cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ 2011, 343, d6617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aune, D.; Chan, D.S.M.; Greenwood, D.C.; Vieira, A.R.; Rosenblatt, D.A.N.; Vieira, R.; Norat, T. Dietary fiber and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann. Oncol. 2012, 23, 1394–1402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, X.; Wang, X.; Shang, J.; Lin, Y.; Yang, Y.; Song, Y.; Yu, S. Association between dietary fiber intake and risk of ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies. J. Int. Med. Res. 2018, 46, 3995–4005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, L.; Wang, S.; Liu, J. Fiber consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortalities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2015, 59, 139–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. In Alcohol Consumption and Ethyl Carbamate; International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon, France, 2010.
- Alcoholic Drinks and the Risk of Cancer; World Cancer Research Fund: London, UK; American Institute for Cancer Research: Washington, DC, USA, 2018.
- Fernandes, I.; Pérez-Gregorio, R.; Soares, S.; Mateus, N.; de Freitas, V. Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention. Molecules 2017, 22, 292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aune, D.; Keum, N.; Giovannucci, E.; Fadnes, L.T.; Boffetta, P.; Greenwood, D.C.; Tonstad, S.; Vatten, L.J.; Riboli, E.; Norat, T. Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Med. 2016, 14, 207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, L.; Wang, Z.; Zhu, J.; Murad, A.L.; Prokop, L.J.; Murad, M.H. Nut consumption and risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr. Rev. 2015, 73, 409–425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zheng, J.-S.; Hu, X.-J.; Zhao, Y.-M.; Yang, J.; Li, D. Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: Meta-analysis of data from 21 independent prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2013, 346, f3706. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, R.-X.; Duan, Y.-Y.; Hu, J.-A. Fish intake and risk of liver cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0096102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carr, P.R.; Walter, V.; Brenner, H.; Hoffmeister, M. Meat subtypes and their association with colorectal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Cancer 2016, 138, 293–302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xue, X.-J.; Gao, Q.; Qiao, J.-H.; Zhang, J.; Xu, C.-P.; Liu, J. Red and processed meat consumption and the risk of lung cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of 33 published studies. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014, 7, 1542–1553. [Google Scholar]
- Larsson, S.C.; Wolk, A. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br. J. Cancer 2012, 106, 603–607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chan, D.S.M.; Lau, R.; Aune, D.; Vieira, R.; Greenwood, D.C.; Kampman, E.; Norat, T. Red and processed meat and colorectal cancer incidence: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e20456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Farvid, M.S.; Stern, M.C.; Norat, T.; Sasazuki, S.; Vineis, P.; Weijenberg, M.P.; Wolk, A.; Wu, K.; Stewart, B.W.; Cho, E. Consumption of red and processed meat and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int. J. Cancer 2018, 143, 2787–2799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, J.B.; Hama, S.; Hough, G.; Navab, M.; Fogelman, A.M.; Maclellan, W.R.; Horwich, T.B.; Fonarow, G.C. Heart Failure is Associated with Impaired Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of High-Density Lipoproteins. Am. J. Cardiol. 2013, 112, 1770–1777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bylsma, L.C.; Alexander, D.D. A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer. Nutr. J. 2015, 14, 125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, J.; Wang, X.; Vikash, V.; Ye, Q.; Wu, D.; Liu, Y.; Dong, W. ROS and ROS-Mediated Cellular Signaling. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2016, 2016, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ma, W.W.; Adjei, A.A. Novel Agents on the Horizon for Cancer Therapy. CA. Cancer J. Clin. 2009, 59, 111–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, Y.-C.; Hunter, D.J. Molecular epidemiology of cancer. CA. Cancer J. Clin. 2005, 55, 45–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, R.J.; Spencer, J.P.; Rice-Evans, C. Flavonoids: Antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2004, 36, 838–849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyons, C.L.; Roche, H.M. Nutritional Modulation of AMPK-Impact upon Metabolic-Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3092. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herzig, S.; Shaw, R.J. AMPK: Guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2018, 19, 121–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miron, A.; Aprotosoaie, A.C.; Trifan, A.; Xiao, J. Flavonoids as modulators of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2017, 1398, 152–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McNabney, S.; Henagan, T. Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bultman, S.J. Interplay between diet, gut microbiota, epigenetic events, and colorectal cancer. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2017, 61, 1500902. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sivaprakasam, S.; Prasad, P.D.; Singh, N. Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Pharmacol. Ther. 2016, 164, 144–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kim, C.H.; Park, J.; Kim, M. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain Fatty acids, T cells, and inflammation. Immune Netw. 2014, 14, 277–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bischoff, S.C.; Barbara, G.; Buurman, W.; Ockhuizen, T.; Schulzke, J.-D.; Serino, M.; Tilg, H.; Watson, A.; Wells, J.M. Intestinal permeability—A new target for disease prevention and therapy. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014, 14, 189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Slyepchenko, A.; Maes, M.; Machado-Vieira, R.; Anderson, G.; Solmi, M.; Sanz, Y.; Berk, M.; Köhler, C.; Carvalho, A. Intestinal Dysbiosis, Gut Hyperpermeability and Bacterial Translocation: Missing Links Between Depression, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2016, 22, 6087–6106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, Y.; Block, G.; Norkus, E.P.; Morrow, J.D.; Dietrich, M.; Hudes, M. Relations of glycemic index and glycemic load with plasma oxidative stress markers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 84, 70–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sieri, S.; Krogh, V. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and cancer: An overview of the literature. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2017, 27, 18–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fruchart, J.C.; Duriez, P.; Staels, B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activators regulate genes governing lipoprotein metabolism, vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 1999, 10, 245–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ichimura, A.; Hara, T.; Hirasawa, A. Regulation of Energy Homeostasis via GPR120. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 2014, 5, 111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tapiero, H.; Nguyen Ba, G.; Couvreur, P.; Tew, K. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and eicosanoids in human health and pathologies. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2002, 56, 215–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- O’Keefe, S.J.D. Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites, and colon cancer. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016, 13, 691–706. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cascella, M.; Bimonte, S.; Barbieri, A.; Del Vecchio, V.; Caliendo, D.; Schiavone, V.; Fusco, R.; Granata, V.; Arra, C.; Cuomo, A. Dissecting the mechanisms and molecules underlying the potential carcinogenicity of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer (CRC): An overview on the current state of knowledge. Infect. Agent. Cancer 2018, 13, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shmarakov, I.O. Retinoid-xenobiotic interactions: The Ying and the Yang. Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2015, 4, 243–267. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hernáez, Á.; Estruch, R. The Mediterranean Diet and Cancer: What Do Human and Molecular Studies Have to Say about It? Nutrients 2019, 11, 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092155
Hernáez Á, Estruch R. The Mediterranean Diet and Cancer: What Do Human and Molecular Studies Have to Say about It? Nutrients. 2019; 11(9):2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092155
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernáez, Álvaro, and Ramón Estruch. 2019. "The Mediterranean Diet and Cancer: What Do Human and Molecular Studies Have to Say about It?" Nutrients 11, no. 9: 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092155