Associations between Dietary Acid Load and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Hyperglycemia in Breast Cancer Survivors
by
Tianying Wu 1,2,*
, Phoebe Seaver 1, Hector Lemus 1, Kathryn Hollenbach 3, Emily Wang 4 and John P. Pierce 2
, Phoebe Seaver 1, Hector Lemus 1, Kathryn Hollenbach 3, Emily Wang 4 and John P. Pierce 2
1
School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4162 USA
2
Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
3
Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
4
School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(8), 1913; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081913
Received: 28 June 2019 / Revised: 31 July 2019 / Accepted: 9 August 2019 / Published: 15 August 2019
Metabolic acidosis can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and cancer metastasis. Dietary acid load contributes to metabolic acidosis if endogenous acid–base balance is not properly regulated. Breast cancer survivors have reduced capacities to adjust their acid–base balance; yet, the associations between dietary acid load and inflammation and hyperglycemia have not been examined among them. We analyzed data collected from 3042 breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study who had provided detailed dietary intakes and measurements of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using a cross-sectional design, we found positive associations between dietary acid load and plasma CRP and HbA1c. In the multivariable-adjusted models, compared to women with the lowest quartile, the intakes of dietary acid load among women with the highest quartile showed 30–33% increases of CRP and 6–9% increases of HbA1c. Our study is the first to demonstrate positive associations between dietary acid load and CRP and HbA1c in breast cancer survivors. Our study identifies a novel dietary factor that may lead to inflammation and hyperglycemia, both of which are strong risk factors for breast cancer recurrence and comorbidities.
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Keywords:
dietary acid load; inflammation; cancer survivors
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Wu, T.; Seaver, P.; Lemus, H.; Hollenbach, K.; Wang, E.; Pierce, J.P. Associations between Dietary Acid Load and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Hyperglycemia in Breast Cancer Survivors. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1913.
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