Maternal Choline Supplementation Modulates Placental Markers of Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Placental Insufficiency
by
Julia H. King 1
, Sze Ting (Cecilia) Kwan 1, Jian Yan 1, Xinyin Jiang 1,2, Vladislav G. Fomin 1, Samantha P. Levine 1, Emily Wei 1, Mark S. Roberson 3,* and Marie A. Caudill 1,*
Julia H. King 1, Sze Ting (Cecilia) Kwan 1, Jian Yan 1, Xinyin Jiang 1,2, Vladislav G. Fomin 1, Samantha P. Levine 1, Emily Wei 1, Mark S. Roberson 3,* and Marie A. Caudill 1,*
1
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
2
Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
3
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(2), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020374
Received: 7 December 2018 / Revised: 23 January 2019 / Accepted: 5 February 2019 / Published: 12 February 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health)
Dlx3 (distal-less homeobox 3) haploinsufficiency in mice has been shown to result in restricted fetal growth and placental defects. We previously showed that maternal choline supplementation (4X versus 1X choline) in the Dlx3+/− mouse increased fetal and placental growth in mid-gestation. The current study sought to test the hypothesis that prenatal choline would modulate indicators of placenta function and development. Pregnant Dlx3+/− mice consuming 1X (control), 2X, or 4X choline from conception were sacrificed at embryonic (E) days E10.5, E12.5, E15.5, and E18.5, and placentas and embryos were harvested. Data were analyzed separately for each gestational day controlling for litter size, fetal genotype (except for models including only +/− pups), and fetal sex (except when data were stratified by this variable). 4X choline tended to increase (p < 0.1) placental labyrinth size at E10.5 and decrease (p < 0.05) placental apoptosis at E12.5. Choline supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) expression of pro-angiogenic genes Eng (E10.5, E12.5, and E15.5), and Vegf (E12.5, E15.5); and pro-inflammatory genes Il1b (at E15.5 and 18.5), Tnfα (at E12.5) and Nfκb (at E15.5) in a fetal sex-dependent manner. These findings provide support for a modulatory effect of maternal choline supplementation on biomarkers of placental function and development in a mouse model of placental insufficiency.
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Keywords:
choline; Dlx3; placenta; placental insufficiency; inflammation; angiogenesis; apoptosis
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MDPI and ACS Style
King, J.H.; Kwan, S.T.C.; Yan, J.; Jiang, X.; Fomin, V.G.; Levine, S.P.; Wei, E.; Roberson, M.S.; Caudill, M.A. Maternal Choline Supplementation Modulates Placental Markers of Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Placental Insufficiency. Nutrients 2019, 11, 374.
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