Chili Intake Is Inversely Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Adults: A Population-Based Study
1
Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
2
Department of Nutrition, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
3
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Equal contribution.
Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 2949; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122949
Received: 8 October 2019 / Revised: 10 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 November 2019 / Published: 4 December 2019
We aimed to assess the association between chili consumption and kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data from 8429 adults attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Chili intake was assessed using a 3 day, 24 h food record in combination with household food inventory between 1991 and 2009. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, as measured in 2009. Logistic regression was used to assess the association. Of the 8429 participants, 1008 (12.0%) fit the definition of CKD. The prevalence of CKD was 13.1% in non-consumers of chili and 7.4% among those with chili intake above 50 g/day. After adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors (i.e., smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity), dietary patterns, and chronic conditions, the odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for CKD across chili consumption levels of none, 1–20 g/day, 20.1–50 g/day, ≥50.1 g/day were 1.00 (reference), 0.82 (0.67–1.01), 0.83 (0.65–1.05), and 0.51 (0.35–0.75), respectively (p for trend 0.001). There was no interaction between chili intake with gender, income, urbanization, hypertension, obesity, or diabetes. This longitudinal large population-based study suggests that chili consumption is inversely associated with CKD, independent of lifestyle, hypertension, obesity, and overall dietary patterns.
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Keywords:
chili intake; chronic kidney disease; Chinese; adults
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MDPI and ACS Style
Shi, Z.; Zhang, M.; Liu, J. Chili Intake Is Inversely Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Adults: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2949.
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