Prevalence and Associated Factors of Caesarean Section and its Impact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Data Collection
2.2. Study Instrument
2.3. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethics
2.6. Definitions
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mode of Delivery | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 1624) | Vaginal (n = 1133) | CS (n = 491) | |||||
Mean (SD), range | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-Value | ||||
Maternal age, years | 30.1(5.2) | 29.9(5.3) | 31.0(4.8) | <0.001 | |||
Child age, months (median 6, interquartile range 9) | 8.1(5.9) | 8.3(6.0) | 7.6(5.7) | 0.042 | |||
Gestational age, weeks | 39.1(1.9) | 39.4(1.7) | 38.6(2.1) | <0.001 | |||
Birth weight, grams | 3079(518) | 3110(463) | 3008(621) | <0.001 | |||
Mother pre-pregnancy BMI | 23.9(3.8), (15.2, 64.9) | 23.7(3.7) | 24.3(4.2) | 0.002 | |||
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Child Gender | |||||||
Male Female | 799 | 49.2 | 560 | 49.4 | 239 | 48.7 | 0.781 |
825 | 50.8 | 573 | 50.6 | 252 | 51.3 | ||
Nationality by category | |||||||
Arab Non-Arab | 1056 | 65.0 | 757 | 66.7 | 299 | 60.9 | 0.049 |
568 | 35.0 | 376 | 33.3 | 192 | 39.1 | ||
Marital status | |||||||
Married Unmarried | 1602 | 98.6 | 1116 | 98.5 | 486 | 99.0 | 0.440 |
22 | 1.4 | 17 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.0 | ||
Initiation of breastfeeding | |||||||
Delayed initiated Early initiated | 609 | 37.5 | 329 | 29.0 | 280 | 57.0 | < 0.001 |
1015 | 62.5 | 804 | 71.0 | 211 | 43.0 | ||
Rooming-in | |||||||
Yes No | 1562 | 96.2 | 1101 | 97.2 | 461 | 93.9 | 0.002 |
62 | 3.8 | 32 | 2.8 | 30 | 6.1 | ||
Mother’s education | |||||||
<Secondary level ≥secondary level | 65 | 4.0 | 53 | 4.7 | 12 | 2.4 | 0.035 |
1559 | 96.0 | 1080 | 95.3 | 479 | 97.6 | ||
Father’s education | |||||||
<Secondary level ≥secondary level | 31 | 1.9 | 23 | 2.0 | 8 | 1.6 | 0.588 |
1593 | 98.1 | 1110 | 98.0 | 483 | 98.4 | ||
Mother occupation | |||||||
Housewives Employed | 1008 | 62.1 | 695 | 61.3 | 313 | 63.7 | 0.533 |
616 | 37.9 | 438 | 38.7 | 178 | 36.3 | ||
Child order | |||||||
1st order >1st order | 1038 | 63.9 | 399 | 35.2 | 187 | 38.1 | 0.269 |
1038 | 63.9 | 304 | 61.9 | 304 | 61.9 |
Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Advanced maternal age, years | 1.04 | 1.02, 1.07 | < 0.001 | |
Gestational age, weeks | 0.80 | 0.75, 0.86 | <0.001 | |
Child’s birth weight, grams | 1.00 | 1.00, 1.00 | 0.283 | |
Nationality | Non-Arab | 1.36 | 1.08, 1.71 | 0.009 |
Arab | Reference | |||
Maternal education | ≥Secondary | 1.88 | 0.94, 3.75 | 0.072 |
<Secondary | Reference | |||
Mother pre-pregnancy BMI | Underweight (<18.5) | 1.12 | 0.56, 2.26 | 0.746 |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | Reference | |||
Overweight (25–29.9) | 1.10 | 0.85, 1.42 | 0.477 | |
Obese (≥30) | 1.79 | 1.15, 2.79 | 0.010 |
Mode of Delivery | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | p-Value | AOR 1 (95% CI) | p-Value | AOR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaginal delivery | 4.5 (3.16, 6.61) | < 0.001 | 2.78 (2.17, 3.56) | < 0.001 | Reference | |
Planned CS | 1.64 (1.09, 2.46) | 0.017 | Reference | 0.36 (0.28, 046) | < 0.001 | |
Emergency CS | Reference | 0.61 (0.41, 0.91) | 0.017 | 0.22 (0.15, 0.32) | < 0.001 |
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Taha, Z.; Ali Hassan, A.; Wikkeling-Scott, L.; Papandreou, D. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Caesarean Section and its Impact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2723. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112723
Taha Z, Ali Hassan A, Wikkeling-Scott L, Papandreou D. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Caesarean Section and its Impact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2723. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112723
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaha, Zainab, Ahmed Ali Hassan, Ludmilla Wikkeling-Scott, and Dimitrios Papandreou. 2019. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Caesarean Section and its Impact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2723. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112723