Are Circulating Mg2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Calculation
2.3. Laboratory Determinations
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Whole Study Group | NGT (1) | IFG/IGT (2) | T2D (3) | p | p | p | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1 vs. 2) | (1 vs. 3) | (2 vs. 3) | ||||||
Gender (M/F) | 288/301 | 146/207 | 108/77 | 34/17 | 0.62 | — | — | — |
Age (years) | 47 (±13) | 44 (±14) | 51 (±11) | 55 (±12) | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.04 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 30.7 (±7.1) | 30.1 (±7.2) | 31.5 (±6.9) | 31.8 (±6.9) | <0.001 ** | <0.001 | <0.01 | 0.47 |
SBP (mmHg) | 124.4 (±16.1) | 120.9 (±15.1) | 128.7 (±15.8) | 132.4 (±17.2) | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.41 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.5 (±10.3) | 76.4 (±10.4) | 78.4 (±9.6) | 81.5 (±11.3) | 0.06 | 0.28 | <0.03 | 0.11 |
Tot-COL (mg/dL) | 195.2 (±40.6) | 193.0 (±39.6) | 199.7 (±37.0) | 193.9 (±56.1) | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.94 | 0.36 |
HDL-Col (mg/dL) | 50.8 (±14.1) | 53.1 (±13.9) | 48.0 (±13.9) | 45.6 (±13.2) | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.02 | 0.41 |
LDL-Col (mg/dL) | 123.9 (±35.4) | 121.7 (±35.2) | 128.3 (±31.2) | 123.4 (±48.2) | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.84 | 0.31 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 127.6 (±77.0) | 113.1 (±68.4) | 144.3 (±80.7) | 169.4 (±92.3) | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.001 | 0.07 |
Mg2+ (mg/dL) | 1.99 (±0.18) | 2.01 (±0.17) | 1.99 (±0.18) | 1.92 (±0.21) | <0.02 | 0.66 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.60 (±0.67) | 5.38 (±0.32) | 5.65 (±0.37) | 6.94 (±1.39) | <0.0001 | <0.001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
HOMA-IR | 3.53 (±3.02) | 2.89 (±2.07) | 3.89 (±2.09) | 6.69 (±7.09) | <0.0001 | <0.001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
e-GFR, mL/min/1.73/m2 | 133.8 (±38.6) | 142.6 (±39.3) | 122.2 (±34.2) | 117.5 (±33.5) | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.59 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.4 (±13.2) | 88.8 (±7.5) | 100.1 (±10.9) | 112.1 (±23.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 127.5 (±38.4) | 107.3 (±22.3) | 147.3 (±24.6) | 209.1 (±45.4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
FP insulin (mU/ml) | 14.9 (±12.1) | 13.2 (±9.4) | 15.6 (±8.1) | 24.1 (±28.0) | <0.0001 | <0.003 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Stumvoll 1st-phase Index | 1722 (±1002.5) | 1855 (±1034.1) | 1547 (±939.5) | 1361 (±782.1) | <0.02 | <0.05 | <0.01 | 0.11 |
InsAUC30/GluAUC30 | 8.3 (±5.7) | 9.1 (±6.1) | 7.1 (±4.7) | 6.7 (±5.3) | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.26 |
Matsuda Index | 66.9 (±44.6) | 79.9 (±47.5) | 50.2 (±31.5) | 31.3 (±19.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.1 |
Hypolipidemic Teraphy % | 11.9 | 5.9 | 11.9 | 33.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.01 |
Hypertension % | 52.1 | 41.6 | 65.4 | 76.5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.13 |
Diuretics % | 11.9 | 4.2 | 14.6 | 13.7 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.01 | 0.87 |
Family history of diabetes % | 53.3 | 51.3 | 52.0 | 71.7 | <0.03 | 0.92 | <0.01 | <0.02 |
Variables | Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) | p |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | −0.066 | 0.107 * |
BMI (Kg/m2) | −0.087 | 0.03 ** |
SBP (mmHg) | 0.045 | 0.275 |
DBP (mmHg) | 0.048 | 0.248 |
Tot-Col (mg/dL) | 0.154 | <0.001 |
HDL-Col (mg/dL) | 0.113 | <0.01 |
LDL-Col (mg/dL) | 0.170 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 0.01 | 0.981 |
HbA1c (%) | −0.099 | 0.018 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | −0.119 | <0.01 |
2-h glucose (mg/dL) | −0.116 | <0.01 |
FP insulin (mU/ml) | −0.073 | 0.08 |
e-GFR, mL/min/1.73/m2 | −0.036 | 0.41 |
Indices of Insulin Secretion | Independent Contributors | Standardized Coefficient β | p |
---|---|---|---|
InsAUC30/GluAUC30 * | Age | −0.333 | <0.0001 |
BMI | 0.239 | <0.0001 | |
Mg2+ | 0.09 | <0.04 | |
Stumvoll 1st-phase Index * | Age | −0.309 | <0.0001 |
BMI | 0.290 | <0.0001 | |
Mg2+ | 0.108 | <0.01 |
Study Group | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 0.844 | 0.727–0.980 | <0.03 |
Model 2 | 0.836 | 0.719–0.972 | <0.02 |
Model 3 | 0.765 | 0.629–0.932 | <0.01 |
Study Group | HR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 0.764 | 0.636–0.918 | <0.01 |
Model 2 | 0.790 | 0.645–0.967 | 0.022 |
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Spiga, R.; Mannino, G.C.; Mancuso, E.; Averta, C.; Paone, C.; Rubino, M.; Sciacqua, A.; Succurro, E.; Perticone, F.; Andreozzi, F.; et al. Are Circulating Mg2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes? Nutrients 2019, 11, 2460. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102460
Spiga R, Mannino GC, Mancuso E, Averta C, Paone C, Rubino M, Sciacqua A, Succurro E, Perticone F, Andreozzi F, et al. Are Circulating Mg2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes? Nutrients. 2019; 11(10):2460. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102460
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpiga, Rosangela, Gaia Chiara Mannino, Elettra Mancuso, Carolina Averta, Claudia Paone, Mariangela Rubino, Angela Sciacqua, Elena Succurro, Francesco Perticone, Francesco Andreozzi, and et al. 2019. "Are Circulating Mg2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes?" Nutrients 11, no. 10: 2460. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102460