Prevalence, Severity and Potential Nutritional Causes of Gastrointestinal Symptoms during a Marathon in Recreational Runners
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Marathon Runners
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Questionnaires
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liverpool Marathon (n = 66) | Dublin Marathon (n = 30) | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43.4 ± 9.5 | 42.3 ± 8.8 |
Weight (kg) | 70.4 ± 12.5 | 66.1 ± 11.7 |
Height (cm) | 163.7 ± 36.7 | 163.7 ± 34.0 |
Number of previous marathons | 7 ± 10 | 15 ± 29 |
Quickest marathon in last 2 years (min) | 245.7 ± 42.0 | 238.2 ± 29.4 |
Highest weekly mileage | 41.5 ± 14.3 | 46.7 ± 14.6 |
Longest single training run (miles) | 20.4 ± 4.8 | 20.4 ± 3.5 |
Nutritional intake | Day Before Race | Race-day Breakfast | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Liverpool | Dublin | Liverpool | Dublin | |
Total Energy Intake (Kcal) | 2329 ± 775 | 1987 ± 692 | 552 ± 316 | 436 ± 251 |
CHO (g) | 262 ± 93 | 262 ± 120 | 76 ± 45 | 59 ± 41 |
CHO (g·kg−1) | 3.8 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 2.5 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.8 |
Sugars (g) | 89 ± 57 | 100 ± 74 | 39 ± 29 | 27 ± 25 |
Starch (g) | 168 ± 66 | 148 ± 63 | 36 ± 30 | 34 ± 21 |
Fibre (g) | 22 ± 9 | 21 ± 8 | 6 ± 4 | 6 ± 5 |
Protein (g) | 98 ± 39 | 85 ± 41 | 19 ± 12 | 13 ± 8 |
Protein (g·kg−1) | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 |
Fat (g) | 95 ± 52 | 66 ± 36 | 17 ± 18 | 18 ± 36 |
Saturated fat (g) | 34 ± 17 | 22 ± 14 | 7 ± 8 | 4 ± 4 |
Sodium (mg) | 2478 ± 1434 | 1937 ± 1094 | 436 ± 402 | 304 ± 281 |
Water (mL) | 2672 ± 1369 | 2110 ± 1057 | 795 ± 598 | 443 ± 306 |
Nutritional intake | During the Race | |
---|---|---|
Liverpool | Dublin | |
Total Energy Intake (Kcal) | 439 ± 277 | 540 ± 312 |
CHO (g) | 100.9 ± 60.1 | 126.3 ± 64.1 |
CHO (g·min−1) | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.3 |
Sugars (g) | 37.2 ± 31.8 | 36.6 ± 34.2 |
Starch (g) | 64.2 ± 45.9 | 72.4 ± 55.8 |
Fibre (g) | 1.0 ± 2.8 | 2.3 ± 4.6 |
Protein (g) | 2.4 ± 6.5 | 4.3 ± 7.9 |
Fat (g) | 1.4 ± 3.6 | 3.3 ± 5.8 |
Saturated fat (g) | 0.4 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 1.5 |
Sodium (mg) | 259 ± 268 | 286 ± 323 |
Water (mL) | 1390 ± 765 | 1149 ± 693 |
Liverpool Marathon (n = 66) | Dublin Marathon (n = 30) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
≥2 | ≥4 | ≥2 | ≥4 | |
Nausea | 32 | 17 | 18 | 2 |
Heartburn | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
Acid Reflux | 9 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
Hunger | 18 | 3 | 12 | 5 |
Burping | 30 | 8 | 11 | 2 |
Bloated | 24 | 11 | 5 | 0 |
Gas/Flatus | 30 | 9 | 14 | 2 |
Diarrhoea | 15 | 8 | 5 | 2 |
Urgent need to defecate | 20 | 9 | 5 | 2 |
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Pugh, J.N.; Kirk, B.; Fearn, R.; Morton, J.P.; Close, G.L. Prevalence, Severity and Potential Nutritional Causes of Gastrointestinal Symptoms during a Marathon in Recreational Runners. Nutrients 2018, 10, 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070811
Pugh JN, Kirk B, Fearn R, Morton JP, Close GL. Prevalence, Severity and Potential Nutritional Causes of Gastrointestinal Symptoms during a Marathon in Recreational Runners. Nutrients. 2018; 10(7):811. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070811
Chicago/Turabian StylePugh, Jamie N., Ben Kirk, Robert Fearn, James P. Morton, and Graeme L. Close. 2018. "Prevalence, Severity and Potential Nutritional Causes of Gastrointestinal Symptoms during a Marathon in Recreational Runners" Nutrients 10, no. 7: 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070811
APA StylePugh, J. N., Kirk, B., Fearn, R., Morton, J. P., & Close, G. L. (2018). Prevalence, Severity and Potential Nutritional Causes of Gastrointestinal Symptoms during a Marathon in Recreational Runners. Nutrients, 10(7), 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070811