Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease
Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 W. 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
Nutrients 2018, 10(6), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060780
Received: 18 May 2018
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Revised: 9 June 2018
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Accepted: 13 June 2018
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Published: 16 June 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Cholesterol:Is It Related to Chronic Disease)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. For years, dietary cholesterol was implicated in increasing blood cholesterol levels leading to the elevated risk of CVD. To date, extensive research did not show evidence to support a role of dietary cholesterol in the development of CVD. As a result, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans removed the recommendations of restricting dietary cholesterol to 300 mg/day. This review summarizes the current literature regarding dietary cholesterol intake and CVD. It is worth noting that most foods that are rich in cholesterol are also high in saturated fatty acids and thus may increase the risk of CVD due to the saturated fatty acid content. The exceptions are eggs and shrimp. Considering that eggs are affordable and nutrient-dense food items, containing high-quality protein with minimal saturated fatty acids (1.56 gm/egg) and are rich in several micronutrients including vitamins and minerals, it would be worthwhile to include eggs in moderation as a part of a healthy eating pattern. This recommendation is particularly relevant when individual’s intakes of nutrients are suboptimal, or with limited income and food access, and to help ensure dietary intake of sufficient nutrients in growing children and older adults.
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Keywords:
dietary cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol; cardiovascular disease (CVD); randomized control trials (RCT); observational studies; HMG CoA reductase; LDL and HDL
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Soliman, G.A. Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2018, 10, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060780
AMA Style
Soliman GA. Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 2018; 10(6):780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060780
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoliman, Ghada A. 2018. "Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease" Nutrients 10, no. 6: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060780
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