Ethnic Differences in Magnesium Intake in U.S. Older Adults: Findings from NHANES 2005–2016
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Dietary Assessment
2.3. Ethnicity
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Caucasian | Africa American | Hispanic | Other | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 3438) | (n = 1002) | (n = 965) | (n = 277) | ||
Age (years), mean (SE) | 73.1 (0.1) | 72.3 (0.2) | 71.5 (0.2) | 71.3 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Sex | 0.13 | ||||
Men | 44.1 | 40.6 | 42.3 | 47.2 | |
Women | 55.9 | 59.4 | 57.7 | 252.7 | |
Weight status | <0.001 | ||||
Normal | 25.6 | 21.8 | 18.3 | 45.3 | |
Overweight | 38.2 | 31.4 | 41.1 | 30.9 | |
Obesity | 36.2 | 46.8 | 40.6 | 23.8 | |
Education level | <0.001 | ||||
Below high school | 17.1 | 38.5 | 56.6 | 21.2 | |
High school | 26.4 | 24.2 | 15.9 | 22.0 | |
Higher than high school | 56.5 | 37.3 | 27.5 | 56.8 | |
Annual household income | <0.001 | ||||
<$25,000 | 25.6 | 44.5 | 50.5 | 30.2 | |
$25,000 < $75,000 | 50.5 | 45.6 | 38.5 | 43.8 | |
≥$75,000 | 23.9 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 26.0 | |
Leisure-time physical activity | <0.001 | ||||
Inactive | 54.6 | 61.4 | 66.0 | 48.7 | |
Active | 45.4 | 38.6 | 34.0 | 51.3 | |
Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||
Never | 47.6 | 47.6 | 53.6 | 52.9 | |
Former | 45.4 | 38.7 | 35.5 | 35.0 | |
Current | 7.0 | 13.7 | 10.9 | 12.1 | |
Chronic conditions c | 0.419 | ||||
No | 25.1 | 24.1 | 28.5 | 25.7 | |
Yes | 74.9 | 75.9 | 71.5 | 74.3 | |
Meeting recommended level of dietary magnesium intake | <0.001 | ||||
No | 82.8 | 90.6 | 84.4 | 78.1 | |
Yes | 17.2 | 9.4 | 15.6 | 21.9 | |
Dietary magnesium intake (mg, day), mean (SE) | 276.4 (2.6) | 233.0 (4.4) | 260.8 (4.1) | 285.7 (8.9) | 0.028 |
Total energy intake (kcal, day), mean (SE) | 1807.9 (12.9) | 1608.4 (25.9) | 1634.0 (25.6) | 1711.2 (44.5) | <0.001 |
Beta-Coefficient (95% CI), p-Value a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Age-Adjusted | Fully-Adjusted b | ||||
Ethnicity | ||||||
Caucasian | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
African American | −19.9 (−26.1 to −13.7) | <0.001 | −20.6 (−27.0 to −14.3) | <0.001 | −13.0 (−18.8 to −7.2) | <0.001 |
Hispanic | 4.9 (−0.9 to 10.8) | 0.098 | 3.6 (−2.4 to 9.6) | 0.237 | 14.0 (7.5 to 20.5) | <0.001 |
Other | 20.7 (6.7 to 34.8) | 0.004 | 19.3 (5.3 to 33.4) | 0.008 | 17.2 (3.8 to 30.5) | 0.012 |
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Jackson, S.E.; Smith, L.; Grabovac, I.; Haider, S.; Demurtas, J.; López-Sánchez, G.F.; Soysal, P.; Redsell, S.; Isik, A.T.; Yang, L. Ethnic Differences in Magnesium Intake in U.S. Older Adults: Findings from NHANES 2005–2016. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121901
Jackson SE, Smith L, Grabovac I, Haider S, Demurtas J, López-Sánchez GF, Soysal P, Redsell S, Isik AT, Yang L. Ethnic Differences in Magnesium Intake in U.S. Older Adults: Findings from NHANES 2005–2016. Nutrients. 2018; 10(12):1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121901
Chicago/Turabian StyleJackson, Sarah E., Lee Smith, Igor Grabovac, Sandra Haider, Jacopo Demurtas, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Pinar Soysal, Sarah Redsell, Ahmet Turan Isik, and Lin Yang. 2018. "Ethnic Differences in Magnesium Intake in U.S. Older Adults: Findings from NHANES 2005–2016" Nutrients 10, no. 12: 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121901
APA StyleJackson, S. E., Smith, L., Grabovac, I., Haider, S., Demurtas, J., López-Sánchez, G. F., Soysal, P., Redsell, S., Isik, A. T., & Yang, L. (2018). Ethnic Differences in Magnesium Intake in U.S. Older Adults: Findings from NHANES 2005–2016. Nutrients, 10(12), 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121901