Nutrients 2018, 10(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010062
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Inflammatory Markers
Antoni Sureda 1,2, Maria del Mar Bibiloni 1,2, Alicia Julibert 1,2, Cristina Bouzas 1, Emma Argelich 1, Isabel Llompart 1,2, Antoni Pons 1,2
and Josep A. Tur 1,2,*
and Josep A. Tur 1,2,*
1
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
2
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 26 November 2017 / Revised: 22 December 2017 / Accepted: 8 January 2018 / Published: 10 January 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessing the Mediterranean Diet in Public Health: Scoring Systems, Effects on Chronic Disease and Interventions)
Abstract
The aim was to assess inflammatory markers among adults and adolescents in relation to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A random sample (219 males and 379 females) of the Balearic Islands population (12–65 years) was anthropometrically measured and provided a blood sample to determine biomarkers of inflammation. Dietary habits were assessed and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern calculated. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with age in both sexes. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescent males was 51.3% and 45.7% in adults, whereas in females 53.1% and 44.3%, respectively. In males, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher levels of adiponectin and lower levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in adults, but not in young subjects. In females, higher adherence was associated with lower levels of leptin in the young group, PAI-1 in adults and hs-CRP in both groups. With increasing age in both sexes, metabolic syndrome increases, but the adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases. Low adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is directly associated with a worse profile of plasmatic inflammation markers. View Full-TextKeywords:
adiponectin; Balearic Islands; cytokine; dietary questionnaire; leptin; Mediterranean diet
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
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Sureda, A.; Bibiloni, M.M.; Julibert, A.; Bouzas, C.; Argelich, E.; Llompart, I.; Pons, A.; Tur, J.A. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Inflammatory Markers. Nutrients 2018, 10, 62.
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