The Performance of Airborne C-Band PolInSAR Data on Forest Growth Stage Types Classification
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test Site and Dataset
2.1. Test Site Description
2.2. Remote Sensing Data
2.3. Ground Truth Data
3. Methods
3.1. PolSAR Data Processing
3.1.1. Polarimetric Information Extraction
3.1.2. RK Texture Information Extraction
3.1.3. Coherence Information Extraction
3.2. SVM Classification Method
4. Results
4.1. Capabilities of Classification Features
4.1.1. Polarization Feature
4.1.2. Texture
4.1.3. Coherence Features
4.2. Classification Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Description |
---|---|
Afforested land | Tree height is about 2 m and canopy is open. Ground surface is covered with withered grass. |
Young forest land | Tree height is about 4 m and canopy is relatively open. Ground surface is covered with litter falls or shrub. |
Medium forest land | Tree height is about 7 m and canopy is relatively closed. Ground surface is covered with litter falls. |
Near-mature forest land | Tree height is about 9 m and canopy is closed. Ground surface is covered with litter falls. |
Other stumpages | Scattered trees, four-side trees, a few characteristics of them are similar to those of near-mature forest. |
Water | Open surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes. |
Building land | Some are mixed with trees. |
Wheat tillage land | Wheat has been harvested and surface soil has been turned over. |
Corn stubble land | Corn has been harvested and surface is covered with straw. |
ID | Classification Features | Descriptions | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Polarization features | Ps, Pd, Pv | Freeman–Durden Decomposition parameters | [19] |
H, A, α | Cloud–Pottier Decomposition parameters | [20] | ||
2 | Texture features | RK | Relative Kurtosis texture | [36] |
3 | Coherence features | γHH, γHV, γVV | Polarimetric interferometric coherence | [26] |
γopt_1, γopt_2, γopt_3 | Optimal coherence | |||
A1, A2 | Optimal coherent spectrum |
Type | Number of AOIs | Number of Pixels |
---|---|---|
Afforested land | 40 | 6034 |
Young forest land | 40 | 4353 |
Medium forest land | 40 | 11,146 |
Near-mature forest land | 40 | 4640 |
Other stumpages | 40 | 2421 |
Water | 20 | 4235 |
Building land | 40 | 5699 |
Wheat tillage land | 40 | 5465 |
Corn stubble land | 40 | 6465 |
Classification Image | PA (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afforested Land | Young Forest Land | Medium Forest Land | Near-Mature Forest Land | Other Stumpages | Water | Building Land | Wheat Tillage Land | Corn Stubble Land | |||
Reference data | Afforested land | 2697 | 110 | 37 | 153 | 12 | 0 | 25 | 36 | 0 | 87.9 |
Young forest land | 84 | 479 | 221 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 52.7 | |
Medium forest land | 101 | 508 | 1878 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 74.1 | |
Near-mature forest land | 65 | 47 | 30 | 831 | 138 | 0 | 32 | 15 | 1 | 71.7 | |
Other stumpages | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 70 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 91.0 | |
Water | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 594 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 99.8 | |
Building land | 65 | 12 | 10 | 123 | 124 | 3 | 2202 | 37 | 13 | 85.1 | |
Wheat tillage land | 23 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 18 | 1044 | 1 | 94.1 | |
Corn stubble land | 3 | 1 | 18 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1000 | 94.0 | |
UA (%) | 88.8 | 41.2 | 85.6 | 63.0 | 19.8 | 99.3 | 96.2 | 91.9 | 98.1 |
Classification Image | PA (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afforested Land | Young Forest Land | Medium Forest Land | Near-Mature Forest Land | Other Stumpages | Water | Building Land | Wheat Tillage Land | Corn Stubble Land | |||
Reference data | Afforested land | 2864 | 75 | 39 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 56 | 1 | 93.3 |
Young forest land | 52 | 569 | 177 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 62.6 | |
Medium forest land | 45 | 560 | 1885 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 74.3 | |
Near-mature forest land | 14 | 74 | 30 | 867 | 151 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 74.8 | |
Other stumpages | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92.2 | |
Water | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 595 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | |
Building land | 5 | 13 | 2 | 83 | 152 | 1 | 2326 | 4 | 3 | 89.8 | |
Wheat tillage land | 37 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1049 | 1 | 94.6 | |
Corn stubble land | 21 | 2 | 23 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1010 | 94.9 | |
UA (%) | 94.3 | 43.6 | 87.2 | 75.7 | 18.9 | 99.8 | 98.7 | 94.3 | 99.5 |
Classification image | PA (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afforested Land | Young Forest Land | Medium Forest Land | Near-Mature Forest Land | Other Stumpages | Water | Building Land | Wheat Tillage Land | Corn Stubble Land | |||
Reference data | Afforested land | 2879 | 66 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 11 | 93.8 |
Young forest land | 0 | 762 | 45 | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83.8 | |
Medium forest land | 0 | 299 | 2178 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85.9 | |
Near-mature forest land | 1 | 74 | 27 | 895 | 158 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 77.2 | |
Other stumpages | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 93.5 | |
Water | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 595 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | |
Building land | 33 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 29 | 0 | 2459 | 28 | 10 | 95.0 | |
Wheat tillage land | 44 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1047 | 4 | 94.4 | |
Corn stubble land | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 1030 | 96.8 | |
UA (%) | 96.5 | 63.1 | 96.7 | 81.0 | 26.9 | 100.0 | 99.5 | 89.3 | 97.6 |
Pol | Pol + RK | Pol + RK + Coh | |
---|---|---|---|
Afforested land | 2.6621 | 2.6656 | 2.6650 |
Young forest land | 2.3419 | 2.5111 | 2.6407 |
Medium forest land | 2.5717 | 2.5525 | 2.6417 |
Near-mature forest land | 2.6332 | 2.6258 | 2.6224 |
Other stumpages | 2.6626 | 2.6602 | 2.6638 |
Water | 2.6667 | 2.6667 | 2.6667 |
Building land | 2.6609 | 2.6605 | 2.6663 |
Wheat tillage land | 2.6660 | 2.6651 | 2.6645 |
Corn stubble land | 2.6646 | 2.6657 | 2.6659 |
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Feng, Q.; Zhou, L.; Chen, E.; Liang, X.; Zhao, L.; Zhou, Y. The Performance of Airborne C-Band PolInSAR Data on Forest Growth Stage Types Classification. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090955
Feng Q, Zhou L, Chen E, Liang X, Zhao L, Zhou Y. The Performance of Airborne C-Band PolInSAR Data on Forest Growth Stage Types Classification. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(9):955. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090955
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng, Qi, Liangjiang Zhou, Erxue Chen, Xingdong Liang, Lei Zhao, and Yu Zhou. 2017. "The Performance of Airborne C-Band PolInSAR Data on Forest Growth Stage Types Classification" Remote Sensing 9, no. 9: 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090955