Ground Truth of Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer on Vegetated Land Surfaces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Surface Physical Temperature Retrieval
2.2. Vegetation Retrieval
2.3. Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval
3. Methods and Materials
3.1. In-Situ Observation
3.2. Radiative Transfer Model
4. Results
4.1. 37 GHz Vertical Brightness Temperature—Physical Temperature Relationship
4.2. PI-VWC Relationship
4.3. SSM-Emissivity & SSM-ISW Relationship
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Observed Plant(s) | Period |
---|---|---|
I | Oat | June 2012–September 2012 |
II | Wheat | December 2012–June 2013 |
III | Corn & Soybean | August 2013–December 2013 |
IV | Oat & Soybean | May 2014–June 2014 |
V | Olive | August 2015–February 2016 |
Type | Name | Value (s) | # of Bins | Intervals of Two Bins | Increment (Δ in Equation (7)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
variable in LUT | Surface soil moisture (m3/m3) | 0.005–0.5 | 100 | 0.005 | 10 |
Vegetation water content (kg/m2) | 0.0–4.0 | 100 | 0.04 | 10 | |
Single scattering albedo (vertical) | 0.0–0.09 | 10 | 0.01 | 2 | |
Single scattering albedo (horizontal) | 0.0–0.09 | 10 | 0.01 | 2 | |
RMS height of soil surface (cm) | 0.1–1.0 | 10 | 0.1 | 2 | |
Invariable in LUT | Wavelength-independent parameter of VOD-VWC relationship (b’) | 0.5 | |||
Wavelength-dependent parameter of VOD-VWC relationship (χ) | −1.0 | ||||
Correlation length of soil surface (cm) | 1.5 | ||||
Physical Temperature (K) | 293 |
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Sawada, Y.; Tsutsui, H.; Koike, T. Ground Truth of Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer on Vegetated Land Surfaces. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 655. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070655
Sawada Y, Tsutsui H, Koike T. Ground Truth of Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer on Vegetated Land Surfaces. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(7):655. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070655
Chicago/Turabian StyleSawada, Yohei, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, and Toshio Koike. 2017. "Ground Truth of Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer on Vegetated Land Surfaces" Remote Sensing 9, no. 7: 655. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9070655