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Remote Sensing
Volume 17
Issue 11
10.3390/rs17111817
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Dust Aerosol Radiative Effects During a Dust Event and Heatwave in Summer 2019 Simulated with a Regional Climate Atmospheric Model over the Iberian Peninsula

by
Cristina Gil-Díaz
1,
Michäel Sicard
1,2,3,
Pierre Nabat
4,
Marc Mallet
4,
Constantino Muñoz-Porcar
1,
Adolfo Comerón
1,
Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez
1,* and
Daniel Camilo Fortunato dos Santos Oliveira
1
1
Remote Sensing, Antennas, Microwaves and Superconductivity Group, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècncia de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
2
Ciències i Tecnologies de l’Espai-Centre de Recerca de l’Aeronàutica i de l’Espai/Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (CTE-CRAE/IEEC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
3
Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, Université de La Réunion, 97744 Saint Denis, France
4
Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31055 Toulouse, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(11), 1817; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111817
Submission received: 19 March 2025 / Revised: 1 May 2025 / Accepted: 15 May 2025 / Published: 22 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Remote Sensing)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Mineral dust particles significantly influence the Earth’s climate through direct and semi-direct radiative effects. This study investigates these effects and their meteorological impacts during a dust intrusion and heatwave over the Iberian Peninsula in summer 2019 using a regional climate model. Three simulations with different spectral nudging configurations are evaluated. During the central period, the mean direct and semi-direct radiative effects in the shortwave spectrum at the top of the atmosphere (bottom of the atmosphere) are −0.4 ± 0.4 (−3.9 ± 2.3) Wm−2 and +0.1 ± 1.7 (−0.1 ± 1.9) Wm−2, respectively. In the longwave spectrum, these effects are +0.1 ± 0.1 (+0.3 ± 0.1) Wm−2 and 0.0 ± 0.6 (+0.9 ± 1.1) Wm−2, respectively. The semi-direct effect mitigates 18.8% of the dust-induced warming in the full atmosphere and alters meteorological variables. The liquid water path decreases by −0.2 ± 4.5 mg m−2, the cloud fraction in the upper (lower) troposphere reduces (increases) by −0.2 ± 1.2 (+0.1 ± 1.3) %, and the near-surface air temperature drops slightly by −0.2 ± 0.2 ∘C. The results highlight substantial spatial variability and underscore the importance of considering semi-direct radiative effects in radiative analysis.
Keywords: direct and semi-direct radiative effects; dust event; heatwave; dust impact; spectral nudging; Iberian Peninsula direct and semi-direct radiative effects; dust event; heatwave; dust impact; spectral nudging; Iberian Peninsula

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gil-Díaz, C.; Sicard, M.; Nabat, P.; Mallet, M.; Muñoz-Porcar, C.; Comerón, A.; Rodríguez-Gómez, A.; Oliveira, D.C.F.d.S. Dust Aerosol Radiative Effects During a Dust Event and Heatwave in Summer 2019 Simulated with a Regional Climate Atmospheric Model over the Iberian Peninsula. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111817

AMA Style

Gil-Díaz C, Sicard M, Nabat P, Mallet M, Muñoz-Porcar C, Comerón A, Rodríguez-Gómez A, Oliveira DCFdS. Dust Aerosol Radiative Effects During a Dust Event and Heatwave in Summer 2019 Simulated with a Regional Climate Atmospheric Model over the Iberian Peninsula. Remote Sensing. 2025; 17(11):1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111817

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gil-Díaz, Cristina, Michäel Sicard, Pierre Nabat, Marc Mallet, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Adolfo Comerón, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, and Daniel Camilo Fortunato dos Santos Oliveira. 2025. "Dust Aerosol Radiative Effects During a Dust Event and Heatwave in Summer 2019 Simulated with a Regional Climate Atmospheric Model over the Iberian Peninsula" Remote Sensing 17, no. 11: 1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111817

APA Style

Gil-Díaz, C., Sicard, M., Nabat, P., Mallet, M., Muñoz-Porcar, C., Comerón, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, A., & Oliveira, D. C. F. d. S. (2025). Dust Aerosol Radiative Effects During a Dust Event and Heatwave in Summer 2019 Simulated with a Regional Climate Atmospheric Model over the Iberian Peninsula. Remote Sensing, 17(11), 1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111817

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