Earlier Spring-Summer Phenology and Higher Photosynthetic Peak Altered the Seasonal Patterns of Vegetation Productivity in Alpine Ecosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Phenological Metrics
2.2.2. Meteorological Data
2.2.3. Gross Primary Productivity Dataset
2.2.4. Other Datasets
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Maximum Value Composite
2.3.2. Trend Analysis
2.3.3. Pearson Correlation Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Precipitation and Air Temperature
3.2. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Vegetation Phenology
3.2.1. Spatial Variations
3.2.2. Temporal Variations
3.3. Spatio-Temporal Variations of Seasonal GPP and Annual GPP
3.3.1. Spatial Variations
3.3.2. Temporal Variations
3.4. Relationships between Seasonal GPP and Annual GPP
3.5. Relationships among Climate, Phenology and GPP
3.5.1. Responses of Phenology and GPPmax to Seasonal Precipitation and Air Temperature
3.5.2. Responses of Seasonal and Annual GPP to Phenology Changes
4. Discussion
4.1. Impacts of Phenology and Photosynthetic Capacity on Seasonal GPP
4.2. POS and the Timing of GPPmax
4.3. Uncertainty
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Station | Lon (°) | Lat (°) | Elevation (m) |
---|---|---|---|
Aba | 101.70 | 32.90 | 3275.1 |
Zeku | 101.47 | 35.03 | 3662.8 |
Hongyuan | 102.55 | 32.80 | 3491.6 |
Ruoergai | 102.97 | 33.58 | 3441.4 |
Maduo | 98.22 | 34.92 | 4272.3 |
Dari | 99.65 | 33.75 | 3967.5 |
Xinghai | 99.98 | 35.58 | 3323.2 |
Henan | 101.60 | 34.73 | 3500.0 |
Tongde | 100.58 | 35.25 | 3148.2 |
Maerkang | 102.23 | 31.90 | 2664.4 |
Shiqu | 98.10 | 32.98 | 4200.0 |
Tongren | 102.02 | 35.52 | 2491.4 |
Jiuzhi | 101.48 | 33.43 | 3628.5 |
Qingshuihe | 97.13 | 33.80 | 4415.4 |
Banma | 100.75 | 32.93 | 3530.0 |
Dulan | 98.10 | 36.31 | 3189.0 |
Qumalai | 95.80 | 34.13 | 4175.0 |
Maqin | 100.25 | 34.48 | 3719.0 |
Guinan | 100.75 | 35.59 | 3120.0 |
Gonghe | 100.62 | 36.27 | 2835.0 |
Guide | 101.37 | 36.02 | 2237.1 |
Zhiduo | 95.62 | 33.85 | 4179.1 |
Yushu | 96.97 | 33.00 | 3716.9 |
Songpan | 103.60 | 32.67 | 2850.7 |
Pattern | GPPann | GPPspr | GPPsum | GPPaut | Area Proportion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | + | + | + | − | 51.79% |
II | + | + | + | + | 32.32% |
III | − | + | − | − | 7.75% |
IV | − | + | + | − | 3.48% |
V | + | − | + | − | 1.31% |
VI | + | − | + | + | 0.93% |
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Yang, F.; Liu, C.; Chen, Q.; Lai, J.; Liu, T. Earlier Spring-Summer Phenology and Higher Photosynthetic Peak Altered the Seasonal Patterns of Vegetation Productivity in Alpine Ecosystems. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091580
Yang F, Liu C, Chen Q, Lai J, Liu T. Earlier Spring-Summer Phenology and Higher Photosynthetic Peak Altered the Seasonal Patterns of Vegetation Productivity in Alpine Ecosystems. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(9):1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091580
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Fan, Chao Liu, Qianqian Chen, Jianbin Lai, and Tiegang Liu. 2024. "Earlier Spring-Summer Phenology and Higher Photosynthetic Peak Altered the Seasonal Patterns of Vegetation Productivity in Alpine Ecosystems" Remote Sensing 16, no. 9: 1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091580