A Global Conversion Factor Model for Mapping Zenith Total Delay onto Precipitable Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method of Establishing the GΠ Model
2.1. Methods of Obtaining the Conversion Factor
2.2. Analysis of the Conversion Factor
- Relationship between the conversion factor and the annual change.
- 2.
- Relationship between the conversion factor and the semiannual change.
- 3.
- Relationship between the conversion factor and the elevation.
- 4.
- Analysis of the modelling grid division.
2.3. Expression of the Conversion Factor Model
3. Result
3.1. Internal Accuracy Testing
3.2. External Accuracy Testing
3.3. Case Study
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | MAE | RMS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | Min | |
GΠ | 0.0026 | 0.026 | 0.0005 | 0.0031 | 0.0317 | 0.0006 |
Model | MAE | RMS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | Min | |
GΠ | 0.0026 | 0.0244 | 0.0005 | 0.0030 | 0.0304 | 0.0006 |
Height Range (m) | MAE | RMS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (10−3) | Max (10−3) | Min (10−3) | Mean (10−3) | Max (10−3) | Min (10−3) | |
<500 | 2.5 | 24.4 | 0.5 | 2.9 | 30.4 | 0.6 |
500~1000 | 2.9 | 19.5 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 22.1 | 0.7 |
1000~2000 | 3 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 8.9 | 0.7 |
>2000 | 3 | 7.9 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 9.1 | 0.9 |
Longitude Range | MAE | RMS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (10−3) | Max (10−3) | Min (10−3) | Mean (10−3) | Max (10−3) | Min (10−3) | |
0°~30° | 2 | 24.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 30.4 | 0.6 |
30°~60° | 2.4 | 10.2 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 11.6 | 0.8 |
60°~90° | 2.7 | 22.5 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 30.4 | 0.6 |
90°~120° | 2.8 | 11.5 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 13 | 0.6 |
120°~150° | 2.7 | 21.8 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 24.8 | 0.6 |
150°~180° | 2.4 | 6.3 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 0.8 |
Latitude Range | MAE | RMS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (10−3) | Max (10−3) | Min (10−3) | Mean (10−3) | Max (10−3) | Min (10−3) | |
0°~30° | 1.4 | 24.4 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 30.4 | 0.6 |
30°~60° | 2.8 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 9.1 | 1.4 |
60°~90° | 3.7 | 8.1 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 9.4 | 1.6 |
Station | HKSC | ANJI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lat. (°) | Lon. (°) | Height (m) | Lat. (°) | Lon. (°) | Height (m) | |
Value | 22.32 | 114.13 | 20.15 | 30.37 | 119.41 | 35.40 |
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Zhao, Q.; Liu, K.; Zhang, T.; He, L.; Shen, Z.; Xiong, S.; Shi, Y.; Chen, L.; Liao, W. A Global Conversion Factor Model for Mapping Zenith Total Delay onto Precipitable Water. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051086
Zhao Q, Liu K, Zhang T, He L, Shen Z, Xiong S, Shi Y, Chen L, Liao W. A Global Conversion Factor Model for Mapping Zenith Total Delay onto Precipitable Water. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(5):1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051086
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Qingzhi, Kang Liu, Tengxu Zhang, Lin He, Ziyu Shen, Si Xiong, Yun Shi, Lichuan Chen, and Weiming Liao. 2022. "A Global Conversion Factor Model for Mapping Zenith Total Delay onto Precipitable Water" Remote Sensing 14, no. 5: 1086. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051086