Estimating the Pre-Historical Volcanic Eruption in the Hantangang River Volcanic Field: Experimental and Simulation Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. 3D Model Preparation
2.3. Experimental Preparation
2.4. Artificial Neural Network
2.5. Support Vector Machine
2.6. Q-LavHA Simulation
2.7. Accuracy Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Experimental Results
3.2. Classification Results
3.3. Q-LavHA Simulation Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Experimental Accuracy
4.2. Effusion Rate Analysis of Q-LavHA
4.3. Multiple Vent Eruption
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Input Parameters | Symbol | Unit | Values | Sources | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Velocity Constant | Gravity | g | 9.81 | Constant for Earth | |
Viscosity and Yield Strength | a | a | 0.04 | [72] | |
b | b | 0.01 | [72] | ||
c | c | 0.08 | [72] | ||
Thermal Parameters | Eruption temperature | °C | 1200 | [73] | |
Crust temperature | °C | 600 | [46] | ||
Offset | °C | 150 | [46] | ||
Thermal conductivity constant | d | - | −0.16 | [41] | |
Crystal Parameters | Rate of crystallization | - | 0.004 | [46] | |
Latent heat of crystallization | [73] | ||||
Inverse of maximum crystal concentration | R | - | 1.51 | [69] | |
Conductivity Parameters | Lava thermal conductivity | 0.6 | [73] | ||
Temperature at the base of the basalt crust | °C | 700 | [69] | ||
Thickness of the basalt crust | % | 19 | [69] | ||
Convection Parameters | Wind speed | U | 5 | [69] | |
- | 0.0036 | [69] | |||
Air temperature | °C | 25 | [69] | ||
Air density | 0.4412 | Constant for Earth | |||
Air specific heat capacity | 1009 | Constant for Earth | |||
Radiation Parameters | Stephan–Boltzmann constant | Constant for Earth | |||
Emissivity of basalt | - | 0.95 | Constant for Earth |
Evaluation Criteria | Orisan Mountain | 680 m Peak |
---|---|---|
Overall Accuracy | 84.43% | 82.11% |
Error Rate | 15.57% | 17.89% |
True Positive Rate | 16.82% | 5.68% |
False Positive Rate | 0.16% | 0.47% |
False Negative Rate | 83.18% | 94.32% |
True Negative Rate | 99.84% | 99.53% |
Classification Class | ANN | SVM | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Producer’s Accuracy (%) | User’s Accuracy (%) | Overall Accuracy | Kappa Coefficient | Producer’s Accuracy (%) | User’s Accuracy (%) | Overall Accuracy (%) | Kappa Coefficient | |
Simulated Lava | 96.36 | 99.78 | 99.63 | 0.97 | 96.85 | 99.89 | 99.69 | 0.98 |
3D Terrain Model | 99.98 | 99.62 | 99.99 | 99.67 |
Evaluation Criteria | ANN | SVM |
---|---|---|
Overall Accuracy | 84.28% | 85.04% |
Error Rate | 15.72% | 14.96% |
True Positive Rate | 17.55% | 42.80% |
False Positive Rate | 11.93% | 6.79% |
False Negative Rate | 82.45% | 57.20% |
True Negative Rate | 88.07% | 93.21% |
Eruptive Vent Coordinates | Slope (Degree) | Aspect |
---|---|---|
127.267215°, 38.390937° | 1.06° | 206.29 (South) |
127.262726°, 38.264870° | 23.02° | 208.07 (Southwest) |
127.182083°, 38.069179° | 30.75° | 232.97 (Southwest) |
127.088953°, 38.061274° | 22.68° | 203.50 (Southwest) |
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Hakim, W.L.; Ramayanti, S.; Park, S.; Ko, B.; Cheong, D.-K.; Lee, C.-W. Estimating the Pre-Historical Volcanic Eruption in the Hantangang River Volcanic Field: Experimental and Simulation Study. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 894. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040894
Hakim WL, Ramayanti S, Park S, Ko B, Cheong D-K, Lee C-W. Estimating the Pre-Historical Volcanic Eruption in the Hantangang River Volcanic Field: Experimental and Simulation Study. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(4):894. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040894
Chicago/Turabian StyleHakim, Wahyu Luqmanul, Suci Ramayanti, Sungjae Park, Bokyun Ko, Dae-Kyo Cheong, and Chang-Wook Lee. 2022. "Estimating the Pre-Historical Volcanic Eruption in the Hantangang River Volcanic Field: Experimental and Simulation Study" Remote Sensing 14, no. 4: 894. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040894