Synergies between Urban Heat Island and Urban Heat Wave Effects in 9 Global Mega-Regions from 2003 to 2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- 1.
- What is the added value of coupling UHI and UHW analysis in characterizing urban heat phenomena using remote sensing data?
- 2.
- What is the influence of ISA fractions on UHI/UHW phenomena?
2. Study Area and Data
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
3. Methodology
3.1. Urban Heat Island Evaluation
3.2. Urban Heat Wave Evaluation
3.3. The Hotspot of Urban Thermal Environment
4. Results
4.1. The Trends of Urban Heat Phenomena in the Built-Up and Non-Built-Up Areas
4.2. Influence of Built-Up Density on UHI/UHW Phenomena
4.3. The Spatiotemporal Patterns of Urban Heat Phenomena
5. Discussion
5.1. The Coupling Effect of UHW and UHI Phenomena
5.2. The Uncertainty of Remote Sensing-Based UHW Measurement
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feature | Indicator | Definition | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
UHI | Intensity | mean LST | mean LST in the urban areas of each mega-region | [26,77] |
LST standard deviation | LST standard deviation in the urban areas of each mega-region | |||
UHW | Frequency | Combined hot days and tropical nights (CHT) | Seasonal occurrence of summer days with maximum temperatures exceeding 35 °C and minimum temperatures exceeding 20 °C | [10,31,41,43,78] |
Heat wave Number (HWN) | A heat wave event is defined as at least 3 consecutive days when daily maximum temperature exceeds the climatological 90th/97.5th percentile, and is anomalously warm compared to the historical mean LST. |
LST | CHT | HWN90th | |
---|---|---|---|
YRD | 97.32% | 30.59% | 6.14% |
Boston | 97.22% | 18.40% | 61.34% |
PRD | 95.97% | 29.08% | 1.18% |
Nile | 95.67% | 86.34% | 80.64% |
Mexico City | 93.25% | 10.05% | 51.83% |
Paris | 93.06% | 4.93% | 27.80% |
São Paulo | 91.69% | 46.05% | 75.94% |
Tokyo | 88.13% | 2.22% | 11.89% |
Jakarta | 83.82% | 17.76% | 15.59% |
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Wei, C.; Chen, W.; Lu, Y.; Blaschke, T.; Peng, J.; Xue, D. Synergies between Urban Heat Island and Urban Heat Wave Effects in 9 Global Mega-Regions from 2003 to 2020. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010070
Wei C, Chen W, Lu Y, Blaschke T, Peng J, Xue D. Synergies between Urban Heat Island and Urban Heat Wave Effects in 9 Global Mega-Regions from 2003 to 2020. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(1):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010070
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Chunzhu, Wei Chen, Yang Lu, Thomas Blaschke, Jian Peng, and Desheng Xue. 2022. "Synergies between Urban Heat Island and Urban Heat Wave Effects in 9 Global Mega-Regions from 2003 to 2020" Remote Sensing 14, no. 1: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010070