Three Dual-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Models for the Ionospheric Modeling and Satellite Pseudorange Observable-Specific Signal Bias Estimation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. General Observations
2.2. DFPPP1: Dual-Frequency Ionosphere-Float PPP Model
- , denotes the tropospheric zenith wet delay (ZWD), denotes the receiver clock offset, , ;
- denotes m-dimension row vector, in which all values are 1;
- denotes m-dimension identity matrix;
- denotes the design matrix of the tropospheric wet mapping function;
- ; ; ;
- , in which denotes the ratio of the observation noise on ith frequency.
- denotes the corresponding observation precision matrix in the vertical direction, and denotes the elevation diversity cofactor matrix;
- denotes the Kronecker product.
2.3. DFPPP2: Dual-Frequency Ionosphere-Free PPP Model
2.4. DFPPP3: Dual-Frequency UofC PPP Model
2.5. Ionospheric Modeling and OSB Estimation
2.6. Analysis of PPP Approaches
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Data Processing Strategy
3.2. Analysis of the Ionospheric Observables from PPP
3.3. Analysis of the Estimated VTEC
3.4. Analysis of the Estimated BDS Satellite Pseudorange OSB
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviation
BDGIM | BeiDou Global Ionospheric delay correction Model |
BDS | Beidou Navigation Satellite System |
CCL | Carrier-to-Code Leveling |
DCB | Differential Code Bias |
DFPPP1 | Dual-frequency ionosphere-float PPP |
DFPPP2 | Dual-frequency ionosphere-free PPP |
DFPPP3 | Dual-frequency UofC PPP |
DOY | Day Of Year |
GEO | Geostationary Earth Orbit |
GFZ | Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum |
GIM | Global Ionospheric Map |
GNSS | Global Navigation Satellite System |
GTSF | Generalized Trigonometric Series Function |
IGS | International GNSS Service |
IGSO | Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit |
IPP | Ionospheric Pierce Point |
MCCL | Modified Carrier-to-Code Leveling |
MEO | Medium Earth Orbit |
MF | Mapping Function |
MGEX | Multi-GNSS EXperiment |
MSLM | Modified Single-Layer Model |
NTCM | Neustrelitz TEC Model |
OSB | Observable-specific Signal Bias |
PNT | Positioning, Navigation and Timing |
PPP | Precise Point Positioning |
RMS | Root Mean Square |
SLM | Single-Layer Model |
SPR | Satellite Plus Receiver |
STEC | Slant Total Electron Content |
STD | STandard Deviation |
TEC | Total Electron Content |
TECU | Total Electron Content Unit |
VTEC | Vertical Total Electron Content |
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DFPPP1 | DFPPP2 | DFPPP3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of the observation | 4m | 2m + m | 3m + m |
Unknown parameters number | sysNum + 3m + 1 | sysNum + m + 1 + m | sysNum + 2m + 1 + m |
Freedom degrees | m-sysNum-1 | m-sysNum-1 | m-sysNum-1 |
Ionospheric observable biases | Ionospheric observables and SPR DCB | Ionospheric observables, SPR DCB, leveling errors and pseudorange noises | Ionospheric observables, SPR DCB, and carrier phase noises |
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Su, K.; Jin, S. Three Dual-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Models for the Ionospheric Modeling and Satellite Pseudorange Observable-Specific Signal Bias Estimation. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 5093. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245093
Su K, Jin S. Three Dual-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Models for the Ionospheric Modeling and Satellite Pseudorange Observable-Specific Signal Bias Estimation. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(24):5093. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245093
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Ke, and Shuanggen Jin. 2021. "Three Dual-Frequency Precise Point Positioning Models for the Ionospheric Modeling and Satellite Pseudorange Observable-Specific Signal Bias Estimation" Remote Sensing 13, no. 24: 5093. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13245093