Changes in Nutrient Concentrations in Shenzhen Bay Detected Using Landsat Imagery between 1988 and 2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. In Situ Measurement Data
2.3. Remote-Sensing Data and Preprocessing
2.4. Method of Model Building
3. Results
3.1. Modeling
- Single-band form;
- Multi-band form;
- Band-ratio (combination) form.
3.2. Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Concentration Retrievals
3.3. Time-Series Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Monitoring Water Quality of the Rivers Flowing into SZB
4.2. Impact of Oyster Rafts
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Path | 122 | Row | 44 |
---|---|---|---|
Landsat-5 | Landsat-8 | ||
24 November 1988 | 4 July 2000 | 9 August 2013 | 18 February 2020 |
10 December 1988 | 21 August 2000 | 29 November 2013 | 16 November 2020 |
11 November 1989 | 18 January 2003 | 31 December 2013 | 2 December 2020 |
13 December 1989 | 13 July 2003 | 16 January 2014 | |
5 December 1992 | 17 October 2003 | 15 October 2014 | |
22 September 1994 | 19 October 2004 | 16 November 2014 | |
8 October 1994 | 22 October 2005 | 3 January 2015 | |
25 November 1994 | 11 February 2006 | 19 January 2015 | |
9 September 1995 | 10 November 2006 | 18 October 2015 | |
3 March 1996 | 13 January 2007 | 7 February 2016 | |
7 June 1996 | 29 January 2007 | 26 March 2016 | |
9 July 1996 | 26 July 2008 | 5 November 2016 | |
25 May1997 | 15 November 2008 | 7 December 2016 | |
13 June 1998 | 17 October 2009 | 20 August 2017 | |
15 July 1998 | 4 December 2009 | 23 October 2017 | |
4 November 1998 | 13 March 2011 | 12 February 2018 | |
7 January 1999 | 1 June 2011 | 1 April 2018 | |
8 February 1999 | 4 August 2011 | 19 May 2018 | |
9 December 1999 | 14 November 2019 |
Landsat-5 TM | DIN | PO4_P | Landsat-8 OLI | DIN | PO4_P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
b(Blue), b(Green), b(Red), b(NIR) | 0.58 | 0.65 | b(Coastal), b(Blue), b(Green), b(Red), b(NIR) | 0.78 | 0.84 |
b(Blue)/b(Red) | 0.39 | 0.42 | b(Red)/b(Coastal) | 0.56 | 0.57 |
b(Blue)/b(NIR) | 0.30 | 0.26 | b(Coastal), b(Red) | 0.55 | 0.64 |
b(Green)/b(Red) | 0.34 | 0.34 | b(Red), b(NIR) | 0.50 | 0.66 |
b(Green)/b(NIR) | 0.22 | 0.18 | b(Coastal)/b(Red) | 0.47 | 0.51 |
b(Red)/b(Blue) | 0.47 | 0.43 | b(Blue), b(Red) | 0.41 | 0.55 |
b(Red)/b(Green) | 0.43 | 0.42 | b(Blue), b(Green) | 0.39 | 0.48 |
b(NIR)/b(Blue) | 0.47 | 0.33 | b(Coastal), b(Green) | 0.39 | 0.42 |
b(NIR)/b(Green) | 0.42 | 0.30 | b(Red)/b(Blue) | 0.38 | 0.45 |
b(SWIR)/b(Blue) | 0.14 | 0.04 | b(Green), b(Red) | 0.35 | 0.51 |
Parameter | Location | Slope | Intercept | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
DIN | Inner Bay | −0.0766 | 5.2072 | 0.0531 |
Outer Bay | −0.0422 | 1.2784 | 0.2443 | |
PO4_P | Inner Bay | 0.0077 | 0.4246 | 0.1101 |
Outer Bay | −0.0004 | 0.0412 | 0.0351 |
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Huang, J.; Wang, D.; Gong, F.; Bai, Y.; He, X. Changes in Nutrient Concentrations in Shenzhen Bay Detected Using Landsat Imagery between 1988 and 2020. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3469. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173469
Huang J, Wang D, Gong F, Bai Y, He X. Changes in Nutrient Concentrations in Shenzhen Bay Detected Using Landsat Imagery between 1988 and 2020. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(17):3469. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173469
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Jingjing, Difeng Wang, Fang Gong, Yan Bai, and Xianqiang He. 2021. "Changes in Nutrient Concentrations in Shenzhen Bay Detected Using Landsat Imagery between 1988 and 2020" Remote Sensing 13, no. 17: 3469. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13173469