Comparison of Continuous In-Situ CO2 Measurements with Co-Located Column-Averaged XCO2 TCCON/Satellite Observations and CarbonTracker Model Over the Zugspitze Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Can a consistent data processing routine be successfully applied to both continuous in-situ and column-averaged CO2 measurements for comparisons with increased representativeness?
- Are the surface and satellite measurements comparable even though they are representative of a single measurement site or a designated region/column average?
- If significant differences are detected, what are the specific differences in annual growth rates and seasonal amplitudes?
2. CO2/XCO2 Data Sets
2.1. Surface In-Situ Measurements
2.2. TCCON
2.3. Satellite
2.4. CarbonTracker
3. Methods
3.1. Data Integration
3.2. Data Processing
3.3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Time-Series of CO2 and XCO2
4.2. Annual Growth Rates
4.3. Seasonal Amptliudes
5. Discussion
5.1. Inter-Annual Variation in Trend
5.2. Correlation of Annual Growth Rates
5.3. Seasonality
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Measurement Technique | Offset from CO2_insitu_ZSF (ppm ± 95% CI) | Mean Annual Growth Rate (ppm yr−1 ± 95% CI) | Mean Seasonal Amplitude (ppm ± 95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
CO2_INSITU_ZSF | − | 2.18 ± 0.10 | 13.08 ± 0.52 |
CO2_INSITU_ZSF_ADVS | −0.66 ± 0.15 | 2.20 ± 0.09 | 10.93 ± 0.45 |
CO2_CT_merge_L6-10 | 0.01 ± 0.17 | 2.21 ± 0.06 | 11.05 ± 0.28 |
XCO2_CT_merge_L1-25 | −2.36 ± 0.32 | 2.15 ± 0.04 | 6.36 ± 0.18 |
XCO2_SAT_merge | −1.17 ± 0.38 | 2.13 ± 0.06 | 6.94 ± 0.22 |
XCO2_TCCON_Garmisch | −1.95 ± 0.43 | 2.33 ± 0.08 | 6.58 ± 0.19 |
XCO2_TCCON_Zugspitze | −1.03 ± 1.01 | 2.48 ± 0.16 | 5.22 ± 0.14 |
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Measurement Data Set | Time Period | Spatial Resolution (Lon × Lat) | Temporal Resolution | Instrument | Merged Data Set Used in the Study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2_INSITU_ZSF | 2002–2018 | − | half-hourly | GC-FID | CO2_INSITU_ZSF; CO2_INSITU_ZSF_ADVS |
XCO2_TCCON_Garmisch | 2008–2018 | − | daily | Bruker IFS125HR | XCO2_TCCON_Garmisch |
XCO2_TCCON_Zugspitze | 2015–2018 | − | daily | Bruker IFS125HR | XCO2_TCCON_Zugspitze |
XCO2_SAT_Obs4MIPs | 2003–2016 | 5° × 5° | monthly | SCIAMACHY/TANSO-FTS | XCO2_SAT_merge |
XCO2_SAT_OCO-2 | 2017–2018 | 5° × 5° | monthly | OCO-2 | |
(X)CO2_CT2017 | 2002–2016 | 3° × 2° | 3-hourly | - | CO2_CT_merge_L6-10; XCO2_CT_merge_L1-25 |
(X)CO2_CT-NRT.v2018-1 | 2017–2018 | 3° × 2° | 3-hourly | - |
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Yuan, Y.; Sussmann, R.; Rettinger, M.; Ries, L.; Petermeier, H.; Menzel, A. Comparison of Continuous In-Situ CO2 Measurements with Co-Located Column-Averaged XCO2 TCCON/Satellite Observations and CarbonTracker Model Over the Zugspitze Region. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2981. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242981
Yuan Y, Sussmann R, Rettinger M, Ries L, Petermeier H, Menzel A. Comparison of Continuous In-Situ CO2 Measurements with Co-Located Column-Averaged XCO2 TCCON/Satellite Observations and CarbonTracker Model Over the Zugspitze Region. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(24):2981. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242981
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Ye, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Ludwig Ries, Hannes Petermeier, and Annette Menzel. 2019. "Comparison of Continuous In-Situ CO2 Measurements with Co-Located Column-Averaged XCO2 TCCON/Satellite Observations and CarbonTracker Model Over the Zugspitze Region" Remote Sensing 11, no. 24: 2981. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242981