Retrieval of Salt Marsh Above-Ground Biomass from High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using PROSAIL
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Field Survey
2.1. Study Area
2.2. In Situ Measurements
3. Hyperspectral Imaging Sensor
3.1. Design and Instrumentation
3.2. Image Acquisition and Processing
4. The PROSAIL Radiative Transfer Model
4.1. PROSAIL: Model Overview
4.2. PROSAIL: Inversion Methodology
4.3. PROSAIL: Spatial Resampling
5. Results
6. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | Parameter | Symbol | Unit | Range or Fixed Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
PROSPECT | Leaf Structure Parameter | N | N/A | 1–1.25 |
Chlorophyll a+b Content | μg/cm−2 | 10–101 | ||
Equivalent Water Thickness | EWT | cm | 0.001–0.02 | |
Leaf Mass Area | LMA | g/m−2 | 20–1000 | |
Brown Pigment | N/A | 0 | ||
Carotenoid Content | μg/cm−2 | 1–20 | ||
SAIL | Leaf Area Index | LAI | m2m−2 | 1–10 |
Hot Spot Factor | hspot | N/A | 0.5/LAI | |
Soil Factor | ρsoil | N/A | 0.2–1 | |
Two Leaf Inclination Distribution function (LIDF) | LIDFa/LIDFb | N/A | 1/0 | |
Sun Zenith Angle | sza | deg | / | |
View Zenith Angle | vza | deg | / | |
Relative Azimuth Angle | raa | deg | / |
Spatial Resolution | Mean | Standard Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marsh Site: 1850 “Short Zone at Panne Edge” | ||||
1 | 288 | 203 | 2.56 | 11.43 |
2 | 284 | 174 | 2.29 | 9.98 |
3 | 270 | 108 | 0.94 | 2.23 |
Marsh Site: 1850 “Tall Zone at Creekbank” | ||||
1 | 481 | 295 | 0.66 | −0.087 |
2 | 473 | 901 | 0.58 | −0.38 |
3 | 452 | 257 | 0.37 | −0.70 |
Marsh Site: 1974 “Medium Zone at Lagoon Edge” | ||||
1 | 841 | 641 | 0.22 | −1.41 |
2 | 793 | 566 | 0.40 | −1.12 |
3 | 732 | 444 | 0.62 | −0.72 |
Marsh Site: 1974 “Short Zone With Hummock” | ||||
1 | 822 | 584 | 0.21 | −1.23 |
2 | 786 | 535 | 0.26 | −1.05 |
3 | 656 | 396 | 0.25 | −0.27 |
Marsh Site: 2011 “Tall Zone at Lagoon Edge” | ||||
1 | 683 | 480 | 1.53 | 1.35 |
2 | 801 | 552 | 1.05 | −0.35 |
3 | 773 | 365 | 1.25 | 1.06 |
Marsh Site: 2011 “Medium Zone with Die-off” | ||||
1 | 858 | 501 | 1.13 | −0.28 |
2 | 1008 | 507 | 0.69 | −0.99 |
3 | 1149 | 437 | 0.41 | −1.22 |
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Eon, R.S.; Goldsmith, S.; Bachmann, C.M.; Tyler, A.C.; Lapszynski, C.S.; Badura, G.P.; Osgood, D.T.; Brett, R. Retrieval of Salt Marsh Above-Ground Biomass from High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using PROSAIL. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111385
Eon RS, Goldsmith S, Bachmann CM, Tyler AC, Lapszynski CS, Badura GP, Osgood DT, Brett R. Retrieval of Salt Marsh Above-Ground Biomass from High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using PROSAIL. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(11):1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111385
Chicago/Turabian StyleEon, Rehman S., Sarah Goldsmith, Charles M. Bachmann, Anna Christina Tyler, Christopher S. Lapszynski, Gregory P. Badura, David T. Osgood, and Ryan Brett. 2019. "Retrieval of Salt Marsh Above-Ground Biomass from High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using PROSAIL" Remote Sensing 11, no. 11: 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111385