Limitations and Challenges of MODIS-Derived Phenological Metrics Across Different Landscapes in Pan-Arctic Regions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data and Methods
2.2.1. EC Measurement-based model GPP
2.2.2. Land Surface Phenology from Standard MODIS Product
2.2.3. Indices Derived from MODIS Surface Reflectance Products
2.2.4. Satellite Chlorophyll Fluorescence from GOME-2
2.2.5. Extraction of Phenology Metrics
2.2.6. Analysis Approach
3. Results
3.1. Seasonal Variations in Canopy Photosynthesis in Pan-Arctic Regions
3.2. Phenology Metrics Estimated by Different VIs
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of Different Vegetation Phenology Indices
4.2. Phenological Transitions in Different Landscapes
4.3. Future Prospects for Capturing Phenology Metrics in Pan-Arctic regions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Site | LC | M value |
---|---|---|
DK-NuF | WET | 0.21 |
DK-ZaH | GRA | 0.19 |
FI-Hyy | ENF | 0.25 |
FI-Haa | WET | 0.2 |
FI-Sod | ENF | 0.2 |
RU-Cuk | OSH | 0.23 |
RU-Sam | GRA | 0.16 |
SE-Deg | GRA | 0.25 |
SE-Nor | ENF | 0.21 |
SE-SK1 | ENF | 0.27 |
US-Atq | WET | 0.21 |
LC | MEAN | STD |
---|---|---|
WET | 0.207 | 0.006 |
GRA | 0.2 | 0.046 |
ENF | 0.233 | 0.033 |
OSH | 0.23 | 0 |
Appendix D
Metrics | LC | Indices | R2 | Equation | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOS | GRA | NDVI | 0.31 | y = 0.68x + 31.59 | 94 |
EVI | 0.41 | y = 0.47x + 84.959 | 41.02 | ||
PI | 0.04 | y = 0.16x + 92 | 76.32 | ||
PPI | 0.03 | y = 0.21x +105.7 | 33.17 | ||
MCD12 | 0.4 | y = 0.99x − 19.16 | 20 | ||
WET | NDVI | 0.43 | y = 0.58x + 64.06 | 10.4 | |
EVI | 0.1 | y = 0.2379x + 116.09 | 59.02 | ||
PI | 0.27 | y = 0.394x + 85.857 | 50.44 | ||
PPI | 0.004 | y = −0.02x + 151.8 | 14.01 | ||
MCD12 | 0.06 | y = −0.19x + 176.2 | 15.44 | ||
ENF | NDVI | 0.17 | y = 0.24x + 68.29 | 81.6 | |
EVI | 0.3 | y = −0.12x + 112.17 | 12.78 | ||
PI | 0.15 | y = 0.27x + 64.21 | 83.54 | ||
PPI | 0.07 | y = 0.2x + 68.91 | 18.27 | ||
MCD12 | 0.22 | y = 0.62x + 16.11 | 16.75 | ||
OSH | NDVI | 0.6 | y = -1.93x + 455.3 | 8.353 | |
EVI | 0.13 | y = −0.29x + 200 | 13.42 | ||
PI | 0.06 | y = −0.39x + 218.1 | 14.97 | ||
PPI | 0.08 | y = 0.25x + 118.6 | 13.87 | ||
MCD12 | 0.04 | y = −0.29x + 209.3 | 11.95 | ||
EOS | GRA | NDVI | 0.19 | y = 0.41x + 155.8 | 32.81 |
EVI | 0.11 | y = 0.25x + 199.5 | 54.31 | ||
PI | 0.11 | y = 0.17x + 229.06 | 38.89 | ||
PPI | 0.01 | y = −0.07x + 290.5 | 20.35 | ||
MCD12 | 0.14 | y = 0.54x + 133.1 | 22.16 | ||
WET | NDVI | 0.03 | y = −0.10x + 291.67 | 91.9 | |
EVI | 0.09 | y = 0.18x + 206.6 | 77.25 | ||
PI | 0.36 | y = 0.31x + 177.66 | 32.72 | ||
PPI | 0.02 | y = −0.06x + 275.6 | 11.99 | ||
MCD12 | 0.13 | y = 0.25x + 193.7 | 11.49 | ||
ENF | NDVI | 0.24 | y = −0.23x + 357.75 | 9.07 | |
EVI | 0.08 | y = −0.13x + 324.9 | 55.48 | ||
PI | 0.28 | y = −0.20x + 349.16 | 6.99 | ||
PPI | 0.04 | y = −0.08x + 313.5 | 12.4 | ||
MCD12 | 0.09 | y = 0.23x + 232.1 | 14.2 | ||
OSH | NDVI | 0.09 | y = 0.4x + 155.2 | 14.4 | |
EVI | 0.01 | y = 0.03x + 255.3 | 14.9 | ||
PI | 0.11 | y = 0.16x + 221.8 | 13.73 | ||
PPI | 0.68 | y = 0.43x + 157.5 | 7.73 | ||
MCD12 | 0.04 | y = −0.37x + 358.2 | 13.77 |
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Site | Site name | Latitude | Longitude | IGBP | GPP duration | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DK-ZaH | Zackenberg Heath | 74.47 | −20.55 | GRA | 2000–2014 | [35] |
RU-Sam | Samoylov | 72.37 | 126.50 | GRA | 2002–2014 | [36] |
US-Atq | Atqasuk | 70.47 | −157.41 | WET | 2004–2008 | [35] |
RU-Cok | Chokurdakh | 70.83 | 147.50 | OSH | 2003–2014 | [37] |
FI-Sod | Sodankyla | 67.36 | 26.64 | ENF | 2001 -–2014 | [38] |
DK-NuF | Nuuk Fen | 64.13 | −51.39 | WET | 2008–2014 | [39] |
FI-Hyy | Hyytiala | 61.85 | 24.30 | ENF | 2000–2014 | [40,41] |
FI-Kaa | Kaamanen | 69.14 | 27.30 | WET | 2000–2008 | [42] |
SE-Deg | Degerö | 64.18 | 19.56 | GRA | 2001–2006 | [43,44] |
SE-Nor | Norunda | 60.09 | 17.48 | ENF | 2003–2007 | [45] |
SE-Sk1 | Skyttorp 1 | 60.13 | 17.92 | ENF | 2005–2008 | [45] |
Collection 6 | Collection 5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metrics | Indices | R2 | RMSE | R2 | RMSE |
SOS | NDVI | 0.001 | 10.73 | 0.38 | 7.68 |
EVI | 0.39 | 9.392 | 0.09 | 12.54 | |
PI | 0.08 | 9.705 | 0.14 | 8.08 | |
PPI | 0.14 | 8.175 | 0.2 | 8.14 | |
EOS | NDVI | 0.02 | 18.37 | 0.23 | 19.34 |
EVI | 0.07 | 19.07 | 0.1 | 17.78 | |
PI | 0.08 | 17.91 | 0.01 | 15.87 | |
PPI | 0.03 | 16.11 | 0.14 | 14.35 |
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Wang, S.; Lu, X.; Cheng, X.; Li, X.; Peichl, M.; Mammarella, I. Limitations and Challenges of MODIS-Derived Phenological Metrics Across Different Landscapes in Pan-Arctic Regions. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111784
Wang S, Lu X, Cheng X, Li X, Peichl M, Mammarella I. Limitations and Challenges of MODIS-Derived Phenological Metrics Across Different Landscapes in Pan-Arctic Regions. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(11):1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111784
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Siyu, Xinchen Lu, Xiao Cheng, Xianglan Li, Matthias Peichl, and Ivan Mammarella. 2018. "Limitations and Challenges of MODIS-Derived Phenological Metrics Across Different Landscapes in Pan-Arctic Regions" Remote Sensing 10, no. 11: 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111784