Break-Even Point Analysis of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Capital Investment Cost Comparing the Direct Disposal Option and Pyro-Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Nuclear Fuel Cycle Option in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Capital Investment Cost Expensing Method Based on Engineering Cost Estimation
2.2. SFR Capital Investment Cost Expensing
SFR Capital Investment Cost Calculation
3. Electricity Generation Cost and Pyro-SFR Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle Cost Calculation
3.1. Reactor Cost Calculation
3.2. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cost Calculation
3.3. Electricity Generation Cost Calculation
3.4. Break-Even Point Calculation
3.5. Cost Calculation Results
4. Break-Even Point Analysis of the SFR Capital Investment Cost for the Pyro-SFR Nuclear Fuel Cycle Option and the Direct Disposal Option
5. Conclusions and Implication
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | KAPF+ |
---|---|
Site area | 272,000 m2 (680 m × 400 m) |
Capacity | Front-end: 400 tHM/year, Temporary storage: 400 tHM/year, Pyroprocess: 200 tHM/year/module × 2 module |
Capacity factor | 55% (200 day/year) |
Life time | 60 year |
Raw material | PWR spent fuel |
Products | U, U/TRU metal ingot Waste (ceramic, metal, etc.) |
Category | 5% Discounted Amount (Unit: kUS$) | Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|
Capital Cost | 261,180 | 33.5 |
O & M (Operation and Maintenance) Cost | 496,219 | 63.7 |
D & D (Decommission and Disposal) Cost | 21,988 | 2.8 |
Total | 779,386 | 100 |
Category | SFR1200 FOAK * × 2 Unit | SFR800 FOAK × 2 Unit |
---|---|---|
NSSS | 1702.2 | 1389.9 |
Category | SFR1200 FOAK × 2 Units | SFR800 FOAK × 2 Units |
---|---|---|
SFR turbine-generator | 386.9 | 300.9 |
Cost Items | Value | Units | Remarks | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uranium | 50 | US$/kgU | Spot market price as of September in 2015 | |||
Conversion | 10 | US$/kgU | Spot market price as of September in 2015 | |||
Enrichment | 120 | US$/SWU | Spot market price as of September in 2015 | |||
Pyro-process for PWR S/F | UO2 Pyro (reduction/refining) | 850 | US$/kgHM | KAERI 2010, Ko et al., 2014 conceptual KAPF | ||
Fuel fabrication | UO2 Fuel | 270 | US$/kgHM | Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL (2009) | ||
Pyro-process for SFR S/F | Pyro-process for SFR S/F | 1860 | US$/kgHM | Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL (2009) | ||
TRU Metal Fabrication | 4070 | US$/kgHM | Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL (2009) | |||
Transport/Storage | UO2 S/F Dry Storage | 495 | US$/kgHM | Ministry of Knowledge Economy 2012 | ||
Decay storage (Cs/Sr) | 131 | US$/kgHM | Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL (2009) | |||
Disposal | Packing Cost | Spent Fuel_UO2 | 718 | US$/kgHM | Ministry of Knowledge Economy 2012 | |
HLW | 230,730 | US$/m3 | OECD/NEA (2006) | |||
Geological disposal cost (Excavation) | 1384 | US$/m3 | OECD/NEA (2006) | |||
PWR SF Transport | 76 | US$/kgHM | Hyundai Engineering Co. (2009), PWR SF Transport, Seoul, Korea | |||
Waste Data | Unit volume for SF | 1.5 | m3/tHM | 1994 OECD-NEA | ||
Unit volume of HLW from UOX Pyro | 0.115 | m3/tHM | Same as UOX PUREX | |||
Unit volume of HLW from SFR Pyro | 0.033 | m3/tHM | no voloxidation/reduction process |
Category | Unit Cost (US$/kWe, 2015 USD) | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|
PWR | Capital cost | 4266 | Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL (2009) |
O&M cost, D&D cost | 72 | ||
Total | 4338 | ||
SFR | Capita cost | 5032 | Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL (2009) |
O&M cost, D&D cost | 77 | ||
Total | 5109 |
Category | Direct Disposal Cycle | Pyro-SFR Recycle |
---|---|---|
Reactor cost (mills/kWh) | 58.26 | 68.61 |
Nuclear fuel cycle cost (mills/kWh) | 6.44 | 6.14 |
Electricity generation cost (mills/kWh) | 64.70 | 74.75 |
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Kim, S.; Jang, H.; Gao, R.; Kim, C.; Chung, Y.; Bang, S. Break-Even Point Analysis of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Capital Investment Cost Comparing the Direct Disposal Option and Pyro-Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Nuclear Fuel Cycle Option in Korea. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1518. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091518
Kim S, Jang H, Gao R, Kim C, Chung Y, Bang S. Break-Even Point Analysis of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Capital Investment Cost Comparing the Direct Disposal Option and Pyro-Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Nuclear Fuel Cycle Option in Korea. Sustainability. 2017; 9(9):1518. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091518
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sungki, Hong Jang, Ruxing Gao, Chulmin Kim, Yanghon Chung, and Sungsig Bang. 2017. "Break-Even Point Analysis of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Capital Investment Cost Comparing the Direct Disposal Option and Pyro-Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Nuclear Fuel Cycle Option in Korea" Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1518. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091518