A Combined Voltage Control Strategy for Fuel Cell
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Problem Formulation
2.1. System Description
2.2. Control Difficulties
2.3. An Offset-Free MPC Solution
3. Combined Control Design
3.1. Fundamentals of ADRC
3.2. Parameter Tuning and Verification
3.3. The Comprehensive Control Strategy
- The rising command of the voltage requires the increment of the fuel feed, which would however decrease fuel utilization.
- The decreasing command of the voltage requires reducing the fuel feed, which would however increase fuel utilization.
3.4. Bumpless Transfer
4. Comparative Simulation
4.1. Simulation Results of MPC
4.2. Simulation Results of the Proposed Control
4.3. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value | Unit | Representation |
---|---|---|---|
1237 | Absolute temperature | ||
96,485 | Faraday’s constant | ||
8.314 | Universal gas constant | ||
1.18 | Ideal standard potential | ||
384 | Number of cells in series in the stack | ||
0.996 × 10−3 | Constant | ||
8.32 × 10−6 | Valve molar constant for hydrogen | ||
2.77 × 10−6 | Valve molar constant for water | ||
2.49 × 10−5 | Valve molar constant for oxygen | ||
26.1 | Response time of hydrogen flow | ||
78.3 | Response time of water flow | ||
2.91 | Response time of oxygen flow | ||
1.145 | Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen | ||
0.126 | Ohmic loss | ||
5 | Time constant of the fuel processor | ||
0.05 | Tafel constant | ||
0.11 | Tafel slope | ||
800 | Limiting current density |
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Sun, L.; Hua, Q.; Shen, J.; Xue, Y.; Li, D.; Lee, K.Y. A Combined Voltage Control Strategy for Fuel Cell. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1517. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091517
Sun L, Hua Q, Shen J, Xue Y, Li D, Lee KY. A Combined Voltage Control Strategy for Fuel Cell. Sustainability. 2017; 9(9):1517. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091517
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Li, Qingsong Hua, Jiong Shen, Yali Xue, Donghai Li, and Kwang Y. Lee. 2017. "A Combined Voltage Control Strategy for Fuel Cell" Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1517. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091517