Socioeconomic Perspectives on Household Chestnut Fruit Utilization and Chestnut Blight Prevention Efforts in Turkey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
3.1. The Results of Interviews with Households
3.2. The Results of Regression Analysis
3.3. The Results of Cluster Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Question | Answer | İstanbul | Zonguldak | Sinop | Artvin | Rize | Trabzon | Çanakkale | Aydın | İzmir | Bursa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The biggest problems about chestnut picking | Pest damages (%) | 66 | 22 | 28 | 42 | 56 | 60 | 69 | 82 | 91 | 82 |
Transportation (%) | 7 | 22 | 9 | 9 | |||||||
Lack of Knowledge (%) | 0 | 9 | 23 | 9 | |||||||
Lack of Public Support (%) | 7 | 9 | 8 | 9 | |||||||
Lack of Processing-Storage facilities (%) | 9 | 20 | 9 | ||||||||
Other Threats (%) | 20 | 29 | 43 | 48 | 44 | 40 | 9 | ||||
Hydro-electric Power Plants | + | + | + | ||||||||
Thermic Power Plants and Power grids | + | ||||||||||
Mining activities | + | + | |||||||||
Wildlife | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
External Pickers | + | ||||||||||
Physical difficulties about harvesting | + | + | |||||||||
Experienced or known pest damages | Chestnut Blight (%) | 43 | 71 | 77 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 64 | 48 | 50 | 63 |
Ink disease (%) | 43 | 15 | 22 | 29 | 45 | 25 | |||||
Chestnut fruit tortrix (weevil) (%) | 5 | 29 | 14 | 4 | |||||||
Gall-wasp (%) | 9 | 8 | 19 | 5 | 12 |
Question | Answer | İstanbul | Zonguldak | Sinop | Artvin | Rize | Trabzon | Çanakkale | Aydın | İzmir | Bursa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any control practices | Yes (%) | 20 | 10 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 100 | 90 | 50 |
No (%) | 80 | 90 | 80 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 60 | 0 | 10 | 50 | |
Type of applied control practices (if any control practices applied) | Removal of the infected branches | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Scraping the infected areas from trunks | + | + | |||||||||
Bordeaux mixture | + | + | + | + | |||||||
Juniper tar | + | + | |||||||||
Sodium hypochloride | + | + | |||||||||
Paste | + | ||||||||||
Lime solution | + | ||||||||||
Mudpack (Soil Compress) | + | ||||||||||
Control expenditures (if any control practices applied) | Yes (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 80 | 80 | 20 |
No (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 20 | 20 | 80 |
Question | Answer | İstanbul | Zonguldak | Sinop | Artvin | Rize | Trabzon | Çanakkale | Aydın | İzmir | Bursa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Who picks | Family + Relatives | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Friends + Neighbours | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||
Labors | + | + | + | + | |||||||
Motivation for harvest | Income 1 | A | A | A | H | H | H | A | M | M | M |
Tradition | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Food | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Maintain Ownership | + | ||||||||||
Activity | + | ||||||||||
Average harvest quantities per household (kg) | 116 | 855 | 1600 | 76 | 23 | 28 | 665 | 6350 | 6800 | 2595 |
Factor | t-Value | Pr (>|t|) |
---|---|---|
Harvest | 5.582 | 2.33e−07 *** |
Awareness | 3.853 | 0.000214 *** |
Adjusted R Squared | 0.4161 |
Factor | t-Value | Pr (>|t|) |
---|---|---|
Harvest | 4.666 | 1.16e−05 *** |
Awareness | 4.397 | 3.23e−05 *** |
Adjusted R Squared | 0.4639 |
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Okan, T.; Köse, C.; Wall, J.R. Socioeconomic Perspectives on Household Chestnut Fruit Utilization and Chestnut Blight Prevention Efforts in Turkey. Sustainability 2017, 9, 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050831
Okan T, Köse C, Wall JR. Socioeconomic Perspectives on Household Chestnut Fruit Utilization and Chestnut Blight Prevention Efforts in Turkey. Sustainability. 2017; 9(5):831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050831
Chicago/Turabian StyleOkan, Taner, Coşkun Köse, and Jeffrey R. Wall. 2017. "Socioeconomic Perspectives on Household Chestnut Fruit Utilization and Chestnut Blight Prevention Efforts in Turkey" Sustainability 9, no. 5: 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050831