Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Questionnaire Survey and Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Results of Reliability Analysis on Question Items
Survey subject | Detailed question items applicable to subject |
---|---|
Survey on parks and green spaces (N = 10) | 1. How frequently do you visit parks? |
2. What is the main purpose of using parks? | |
3. What type of parks do you frequently visit? | |
4. Why do you visit parks often? | |
5. What are the problems of parks in downtown? | |
6. If various parks are created for citizens, what kind of park would it be? | |
7. What is the most needed facility in neighborhood parks? | |
8. What are the roles of the green spaces in downtown? | |
9. What is the best way to expand parks and green spaces? | |
10. If you participate in the expansion project of parks and green spaces, in what way would you join? |
3.2. General Characteristics of the Survey Respondents
Questions | Number (%) | |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 329 (41.1) |
Female | 471 (58.9) | |
Ages | 10–19 | 23 (2.9) |
20–29 | 372 (46.5) | |
30–39 | 123 (15.4) | |
40–49 | 173 (21.6) | |
50–59 | 94 (11.7) | |
Over 60 | 15 (1.9) | |
Period of residence | 1–3 | 233 (29.1) |
3–6 | 112 (14.0) | |
6–10 | 174 (21.8) | |
10–20 | 170 (21.2) | |
Over 20 years | 111 (13.9) | |
Total | 800 (100) |
3.3. Frequency of Park Visit
3.4. Main Purpose of Park Visit
3.5 Type of Frequently Visited Park
3.6. Reasons for Going to Frequently Visited Parks
3.7. Reasons for Visiting Parks Infrequently
3.8. Type of Urban Parks Desired by Respondents
3.9. Most Necessary Park Facility
3.10. The Role of Green Space
Answers: | Number (%) |
---|---|
Providing leisure space | 240 (30.0) |
Giving mental stability | 148 (18.5) |
Reducing air and environmental pollution | 141 (17.6) |
Making scenery beautiful | 102 (12.8) |
Maintaining healthy natural ecological state | 75 (9.3) |
Preventing indiscriminate urban development | 39 (4.9) |
Raising real estate prices in the surrounding area | 30 (3.8) |
Preventing natural disasters | 25 (3.1) |
Total | 800 (100) |
3.11. Opinions on Methods to Expand Parks and Green Spaces
Answers: | Order | Average Likert scores |
---|---|---|
Expanding pedestrian paths | 1 | 3.65 |
Expanding bicycle paths | 2 | 3.59 |
Greening rooftop, walls of building and fence | 3 | 3.55 |
Expanding natural parks in forest areas | 4 | 3.54 |
Making parks with public buildings and schools | 5 | 3.48 |
Making parks with relocated site of factory | 6 | 3.44 |
Conservation of wet and dry field as a green space | 7 | 3.42 |
Making parks with legally protected trees and empty lots in the neighborhood | 8 | 3.41 |
Making waterfront and ecological parks with surrounding areas of river and reservoir | 9 | 3.40 |
Making parks with areas of cultural assets | 10 | 3.39 |
3.12. Methods to Participate in Expanding Parks and Green Spaces
Answers: | Number (%) |
---|---|
Do not want to engage | 230 (28.8) |
Joining or assisting non-profit civic organizations | 163 (20.4) |
Participating in volunteer works of cleaning and management | 160 (20.0) |
Approval for politicians favorable to the policy for parks and green spaces expansion | 112 (14.0) |
Agreement with paying more tax | 98 (12.2) |
Donation in cash or real estate | 37 (4.6) |
Total | 800 (100) |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Lee, Y.-C.; Kim, K.-H. Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea. Sustainability 2015, 7, 8240-8254. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078240
Lee Y-C, Kim K-H. Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea. Sustainability. 2015; 7(7):8240-8254. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078240
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Young-Chang, and Keun-Ho Kim. 2015. "Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea" Sustainability 7, no. 7: 8240-8254. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078240
APA StyleLee, Y.-C., & Kim, K.-H. (2015). Attitudes of Citizens towards Urban Parks and Green Spaces for Urban Sustainability: The Case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea. Sustainability, 7(7), 8240-8254. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7078240