Correction: Hoey et al. Examining Regulatory Pathways That Enable and Constrain Urine Recycling. Sustainability 2025, 17, 8013

The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [1]. The changes are as follows:

(1)

Replacing the abbreviation in “Section 3.1.9. Fertilizer Labeling Strategy”:

APPFCO

• with

AAPFCO

(2)

Replacing the sentence in “Section 3.1.9. Fertilizer Labeling Strategy”:

Urine diversion would first have to be adopted into the appendices of the IPC and UPC (Uniform Plumbing Code) (Based on a proposal submitted by co-author Lippincott, an IPC Committee Action Hearing in 2024 resulted in a proposal to add urine diversion to an IPC appendix. The proposed change is now undergoing a public comment period and will undergo a final round of governmental voting, Validation Committee certification and ICC Board confirmation. The UPC Technical Committee rejected a similar proposal (Item 350) that would have added the WE Stand language for composting and urine diverting toilet systems to a UPC Appendix. This proposal was submitted by Pat Lando of Recode in 2024 and modified based on comments made by co-author Lippincott and Pat Lando in 2025) to make it eligible for adoption into the primary chapters of the reference standards, which, at the earliest, would occur during the 2030 and 2033 code cycles, respectively. State code adoption usually lags behind these national reference standards by two to six years, making 2031 the earliest possible date (The first draft of the language of these reference standards was created through the Recode Model Code process in 2014 by co-author Lippincott who served as code writer and lead editor. The Recode Model Code was approved for inclusion in the IAPMO WE Stand optional reach code in 2015, first published in the 2017 WE Stand, and first adopted by a state through the Oregon Residential Reach Code in 2021 [105]. We consider 2031, 17 years after initiating the code reform process, to be an extremely optimistic date for full adoption of urine diversion in any state plumbing code.) when variances will not be required for urine diversion. Until urine diversion is fully integrated into these standard codes, adoption will depend on variances issued by plumbing inspectors.

• with

Urine diversion would first have to be adopted into the appendices of the IPC and UPC (Uniform Plumbing Code) to make it eligible for adoption into the primary chapters of the reference standards, which, at the earliest, would occur during the 2030 and 2033 code cycles, respectively. A urine diversion appendix to the 2027 IPC, proposed by co-author Lippincott, was approved by committee and is undergoing a final round of validation; a similar proposal was rejected by the UPC Technical Committee. State code adoption usually lags behind these national reference standards by two to six years, making 2031 the earliest possible date when variances will not be required for urine diversion. Until urine diversion is fully integrated into these standard codes, adoption will depend on variances issued by plumbing inspectors. The first draft of the language of these reference standards was created through the Recode Model Code process in 2014 by co-author Lippincott who served as code writer and lead editor. The Recode Model Code was approved for inclusion in the IAPMO WE Stand optional reach code in 2015, first published in the 2017 WE Stand, and first adopted by a state through the Oregon Residential Reach Code in 2021 [105]. We consider 2031, 17 years after initiating the code reform process, to be an extremely optimistic date for full adoption of urine diversion in any state plumbing code.

(3)

Authors would like to change the figure caption of Figure 4:

• Figure 4. US federal and state laws (darker blue), agencies and programs related to urine recycling (green) and local implementing officials (light blue).
• to
• Figure 4. US federal and state laws (left and middle blue boxes), agencies and programs related to urine recycling (green) and local implementing officials (blue boxes, far right column).

(4)

Adding two sections to the back matter:

• Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by University of Michigan Institutional Review Board (protocol code HUM00234738 and date of approval: 16 May 2023).
• and
• Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.