Irrigation Performance Evaluation for Sustainable Water Management: A Study of Karacabey Water Users Association, Türkiye (2006–2023)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Calculation of Performance Indicators
2.4. Statistical Evaluation
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Suggestions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Service Area (ha) | 15,863 |
---|---|
Main crops | Corn (46%), vegetables (34%), paddy and sugarcane (11%) |
Water source | B.Karadere River and Manyas Lake |
Water supply | Pumped (100%) |
Water distribution | Canalette (100%) |
Irrigation methods used by farmers | Surface (14%), sprinkler (5%), drip (80%) |
Indicators | Formula | Unit | Optimum Value |
---|---|---|---|
Irrigation ratio (IR) | % | 100 | |
Annual amount of water used per unit of irrigated area (WIRR) | m3 ha−1 | - | |
Annual amount of water used per unit service area (WISR) | m3 ha−1 | - | |
Relative water supply (RWS) | no unit | 1 | |
Operation and maintenance cost per unit of irrigation water (WOM) | USDm−3 | - | |
Management, operations and maintenance cost per unit of irrigation water (WMOM) | USDm−3 | - | |
Production per unit of irrigation water (WP) | USDm−3 | - |
IR (%) | WIRR (m3 ha−1) | WISR (m3 ha−1) | RWS | WOM ($m−3) | WMOM ($m−3) | WP ($m−3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Max | 78.24 | 12,271.00 | 6010.52 | 2.14 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 2.83 |
Min | 48.87 | 3196.76 | 1562.20 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Average | 69.02 | 8602.04 | 5004.24 | 1.33 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.89 |
St. Dev. | 5.98 | 2376.40 | 943.34 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.81 |
IR | WIRR | WISR | RWS | WOM | WOM | WP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IR | 1 | 0.719 ** | 0.780 ** | 0.028 | −0.784 ** | −0.860 ** | −0.651 ** |
WIRR | 1 | 0.637 ** | 0.208 | −0.848 ** | −0.710 ** | −0.552 * | |
WISR | 1 | 0.484 * | −0.826 ** | −0.886 ** | −0.219 | ||
RWS | 1 | −0.286 | −0.305 | 0.547 * | |||
WOM | 1 | 0.861 ** | 0.436 | ||||
WOM | 1 | 0.429 | |||||
WP | 1 |
Model | R | R Square | Adjusted R Square | Std. Error of the Estimate |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.915 a | 0.837 | 0.740 | 1206.6058399 |
ANOVA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model a | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Shallow | |
1 | Regression | 74,922,207.376 | 6 | 12,487,034.563 | 8577 | 0.002 b |
Residual | 14,558,976.530 | 10 | 1,455,897.653 | |||
Total | 89,481,183.906 | 16 |
Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Shallow | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. Error | Beta | ||||
1 | (Constant) | 6393.826 | 9907.313 | 0.645 | 0.533 | |
IR | 60.732 | 137.155 | 0.158 | 0.443 | 0.667 | |
WISR | −0.349 | 0.895 | −0.144 | −0.390 | 0.704 | |
RWS | 2751.029 | 1307.161 | 0.495 | 2.105 | 0.062 | |
WOM | −187,957.203 | 70,960.554 | −0.730 | −2.649 | 0.024 | |
WOM | 15,298.723 | 17,290.844 | 0.323 | 0.885 | 0.397 | |
WP | −1666.664 | 799.828 | −0.571 | −2.084 | 0.064 |
Model | R2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|
0.84 | 0.02 |
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Kirmikil, M. Irrigation Performance Evaluation for Sustainable Water Management: A Study of Karacabey Water Users Association, Türkiye (2006–2023). Sustainability 2025, 17, 4059. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094059
Kirmikil M. Irrigation Performance Evaluation for Sustainable Water Management: A Study of Karacabey Water Users Association, Türkiye (2006–2023). Sustainability. 2025; 17(9):4059. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094059
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirmikil, Müge. 2025. "Irrigation Performance Evaluation for Sustainable Water Management: A Study of Karacabey Water Users Association, Türkiye (2006–2023)" Sustainability 17, no. 9: 4059. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094059
APA StyleKirmikil, M. (2025). Irrigation Performance Evaluation for Sustainable Water Management: A Study of Karacabey Water Users Association, Türkiye (2006–2023). Sustainability, 17(9), 4059. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094059