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Sustainability
Volume 17
Issue 20
10.3390/su17209311
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimal Scheduling and Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed Resource Aggregator Low-Carbon Economy Considering CET-RPS Coupling Mechanism

by
Shiyao Hu
1,
Hangtian Li
1,
Pingzheng Tong
2,*,
Xue Cui
2,*,
Chong Hong
1,
Xiaobin Xu
1,
Peng Xi
1 and
Guiying Liao
2
1
State Grid Hebei Economic Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
2
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9311; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209311
Submission received: 2 September 2025 / Revised: 10 October 2025 / Accepted: 17 October 2025 / Published: 20 October 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

As the scale of distributed resources continues to expand, decentralization and multi-agent characteristics bring significant challenges to low-carbon dispatching and market participation of power grids. To this end, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization scheduling framework with distributed resource aggregators (DRAs) as the main body, innovatively coupling carbon Emission trading (CET) with electric vehicle carbon quota participation, and the renewable energy quota (RPS) with tradable green certificate (TGC) transaction as the carrier, as well as constructing the connection path between the two to realize the integrated utilization of environmental rights and interests. Based on the ε-constraint method, a bi-objective optimization model of economic cost minimization and carbon emission minimization is established, and a multi-dimensional evaluation system, covering the internal and overall operation performance of the aggregator, is designed. The example shows that, under the proposed CET-RPS coupling mechanism, the total cost of DRA is about 23.4% lower than that of the existing mechanism. When the carbon emission constraint is relaxed from 2700 t to 3000 t, the total cost decreases from CNY 2537.32 to CNY 2487.74, indicating that the carbon constraint has a significant impact on the marginal cost. This study provides a feasible path for the large-scale participation of distributed resources in low-carbon power systems.
Keywords: distributed resources; aggregator; virtual power plant; carbon trading; green certificate; renewable portfolio standard; electric vehicle carbon quota; low carbon; cohesive mechanism distributed resources; aggregator; virtual power plant; carbon trading; green certificate; renewable portfolio standard; electric vehicle carbon quota; low carbon; cohesive mechanism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, S.; Li, H.; Tong, P.; Cui, X.; Hong, C.; Xu, X.; Xi, P.; Liao, G. Optimal Scheduling and Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed Resource Aggregator Low-Carbon Economy Considering CET-RPS Coupling Mechanism. Sustainability 2025, 17, 9311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209311

AMA Style

Hu S, Li H, Tong P, Cui X, Hong C, Xu X, Xi P, Liao G. Optimal Scheduling and Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed Resource Aggregator Low-Carbon Economy Considering CET-RPS Coupling Mechanism. Sustainability. 2025; 17(20):9311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209311

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Shiyao, Hangtian Li, Pingzheng Tong, Xue Cui, Chong Hong, Xiaobin Xu, Peng Xi, and Guiying Liao. 2025. "Optimal Scheduling and Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed Resource Aggregator Low-Carbon Economy Considering CET-RPS Coupling Mechanism" Sustainability 17, no. 20: 9311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209311

APA Style

Hu, S., Li, H., Tong, P., Cui, X., Hong, C., Xu, X., Xi, P., & Liao, G. (2025). Optimal Scheduling and Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed Resource Aggregator Low-Carbon Economy Considering CET-RPS Coupling Mechanism. Sustainability, 17(20), 9311. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209311

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