Integrating the Principles of Reverse Logistics into Circular Economy Strategies: A Mixed-Method Study of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Reverse logistics plays a pivotal role in implementing circular economy strategies by enabling products and materials to be returned from end users to manufacturers for reuse in subsequent production cycles. However, for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), integrating such reverse flows presents significant challenges, particularly due to limited human, technological, and financial resources. This study aims to identify the key challenges and success factors associated with reverse logistics in the context of SMEs. A systematic literature review was conducted and complemented by expert interviews, which were evaluated through structured qualitative content analysis. The findings emphasize the importance of employee training, implementing efficient return and recycling systems, and collaborating with external partners, such as logistics and recycling service providers. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of clear regulatory frameworks to facilitate the effective and scalable implementation of reverse logistics within circular economy systems.