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Sustainability
Volume 17
Issue 16
10.3390/su17167188
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Sustainable Treatment of Crude Oil-in-Saline Water Emulsion with Licuri (Syagrus coronata) Leaf Fiber

by
Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
1,
Guilherme Augusto Ferreira
1,
Artur José Santos Mascarenhas
2,
Fabiana da Silva Castro
2,
Roger Thomas François Fréty
3 and
Rosangela Regia Lima Vidal
1,*
1
Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Catálise e Materiais (Labcat), Departamento de Química Geral e Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
3
Laboratorio de Refino e Tecnologias Limpas (LabRefino/Lateclim), Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Instituto de Petroleo e de Pesquisas Energeticas (LITPEG), Universidade Federal do Pernambouco, Recife 50740-540, Pernambouco, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7188; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167188
Submission received: 20 June 2025 / Revised: 30 July 2025 / Accepted: 6 August 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials and Processes for Wastewater Treatment)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Due to the toxicity of produced water, which is characterized as crude oil-in-water emulsions, strategies are required to decrease its potential hazard before its disposal into the environment. This work employs a raw biosorbent, licuri leaf fiber (LLF), to enable the discharge of produced water emulsions into the sea, following a reduction in oil concentration by sorption to levels below current regulatory limits. LLF with a BET area of 0.07 m2 g−1 was characterized by SEM/EDS, FTIR, and TGA before and after crude oil sorption. The results obtained from batch experiments showed that the sorption capacity increased when oil concentration in the emulsion varied from 20 to 100 mg L−1 and decreased when temperature increased from 300 to 320 K. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data for the emulsions with higher oil concentration. The Freundlich model gave the best fit for the sorption isotherm data. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that oil sorption is exothermic, spontaneous, and less random, controlled by physisorption. At 300 K, raw LLF can remove crude oil from emulsions with an oil concentration less than or equal to 100 mg L−1 below the current environmental standards.
Keywords: light crude oil; emulsion; licuri leaf fiber; sorption; wastewater treatment light crude oil; emulsion; licuri leaf fiber; sorption; wastewater treatment

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bahia, P.V.B.; Ferreira, G.A.; Mascarenhas, A.J.S.; Castro, F.d.S.; Fréty, R.T.F.; Vidal, R.R.L. Sustainable Treatment of Crude Oil-in-Saline Water Emulsion with Licuri (Syagrus coronata) Leaf Fiber. Sustainability 2025, 17, 7188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167188

AMA Style

Bahia PVB, Ferreira GA, Mascarenhas AJS, Castro FdS, Fréty RTF, Vidal RRL. Sustainable Treatment of Crude Oil-in-Saline Water Emulsion with Licuri (Syagrus coronata) Leaf Fiber. Sustainability. 2025; 17(16):7188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167188

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bahia, Pedro Victor Bomfim, Guilherme Augusto Ferreira, Artur José Santos Mascarenhas, Fabiana da Silva Castro, Roger Thomas François Fréty, and Rosangela Regia Lima Vidal. 2025. "Sustainable Treatment of Crude Oil-in-Saline Water Emulsion with Licuri (Syagrus coronata) Leaf Fiber" Sustainability 17, no. 16: 7188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167188

APA Style

Bahia, P. V. B., Ferreira, G. A., Mascarenhas, A. J. S., Castro, F. d. S., Fréty, R. T. F., & Vidal, R. R. L. (2025). Sustainable Treatment of Crude Oil-in-Saline Water Emulsion with Licuri (Syagrus coronata) Leaf Fiber. Sustainability, 17(16), 7188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167188

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