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Article

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values

1
College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7014; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157014 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 June 2025 / Revised: 25 July 2025 / Accepted: 31 July 2025 / Published: 1 August 2025

Abstract

The rapid urbanization process has accelerated the degradation of ecosystem services (ESs) in peri-urban rural areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), leading to increasing landscape ecological risks (LERs). Establishing a scientifically grounded landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) system and corresponding control strategies is therefore imperative. Using rural areas of Jiangning District, Nanjing as a case study, this research proposes an optimized dual-dimensional coupling assessment framework that integrates ecosystem service value (ESV) and ecological risk probability. The spatiotemporal evolution of LER in 2000, 2010, and 2020 and its key driving factors were further studied by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and geodetector methods. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, cultivated land remained dominant, but its proportion decreased by 10.87%, while construction land increased by 26.52%, with minimal changes in other land use types. (2) The total ESV increased by CNY 1.67 × 109, with regulating services accounting for over 82%, among which water bodies contributed the most. (3) LER showed an overall increasing trend, with medium- to highest-risk areas expanding by 55.37%, lowest-risk areas increasing by 10.10%, and lower-risk areas decreasing by 65.48%. (4) Key driving factors include landscape vulnerability, vegetation coverage, and ecological land connectivity, with the influence of distance to road becoming increasingly significant. This study reveals the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of LER in typical peri-urban villages. Based on the LERA results, combined with terrain features and ecological pressure intensity, the study area was divided into three ecological management zones: ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and ecological enhancement. Corresponding zoning strategies were proposed to guide rural ecological governance and support regional sustainable development.
Keywords: peri-urban villages; landscape ecological risk assessment; ecosystem service value; zoning control; land use peri-urban villages; landscape ecological risk assessment; ecosystem service value; zoning control; land use

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xiong, Y.; Li, Y.; Yang, Y. Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values. Sustainability 2025, 17, 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157014

AMA Style

Xiong Y, Li Y, Yang Y. Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values. Sustainability. 2025; 17(15):7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157014

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiong, Yao, Yueling Li, and Yunfeng Yang. 2025. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values" Sustainability 17, no. 15: 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157014

APA Style

Xiong, Y., Li, Y., & Yang, Y. (2025). Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Peri-Urban Villages in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecosystem Service Values. Sustainability, 17(15), 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157014

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