Work and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study for Sustainable Work
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample and Procedure
2.2. Tool
- Demographic data and employment section (i.e., information on age, gender, role, including in terms of precariousness, operational unit of employment, etc.;)
- Burnout section containing specific questions and organizational variables of the study.
2.2.1. Burnout
2.2.2. Organizational Empowerment
2.2.3. Workload and Manpower Control
2.2.4. Quality of the Team
2.2.5. Association between Empowerment and Burnout
2.2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
- -
- Increased mental distance from one’s work or feelings of negativity related to one’s work (cynicism): M = 1.57, SD = 1.33, cut-off range ≤1.03–≥2.21;
- -
- Feeling of exhaustion or depletion of energy used in work (emotional exhaustion): M = 2.36, SD = 1.52, cut-off range ≤2.02–≥3.20;
- -
- Adjustment problems between the person and the job due to excessive demands of the latter (reduction in personal achievement or effectiveness): M = 4.60, SD = 1.02, cut-off range ≤5.03–≥4.02.
3.1. Comparison of Physicians Not Predisposed and Predisposed to Burnout
3.2. Validity and Reliability of Measurements and Correlation Analysis
3.3. Moderation and Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CYNICISM M (SD) | EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION M (SD) | PERSONAL INEFFECTIVENESS M (SD) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NP n = 278 | P n = 336 | NP n = 322 | P n = 292 | NP n = 262 | P n = 352 | ||||
OPPORTUNITIES | 3.41 (0.93) | 3.03 (0.97) | F = 11.42 *** | 3.37 (0.99) | 3.01 (0.96) | F = 8.77 ** | 3.53 (0.97) | 2.94 (0.93) | F = 24.37 *** |
RESOURCES | 3.07 (0.93) | 2.82 (1.01) | F = 6.15 * | 3.15 (0.98) | 2.71 (0.92) | F = 15.57 *** | 3.15 (1.01) | 2.75 (0.93) | F = 11.93 *** |
SUPPORT | 3.13 (1.02) | 2.71 (1.02) | F = 14.82 *** | 3.06 (1.13) | 2.75 (0.96) | F = 5.47 * | 3.23 (1.14) | 2.65 (0.90) | F = 20.84 *** |
WORKLOAD | 2.71 (0.74) | 3.02 (0.80) | F = 11.14 *** | 2.54 (0.72) | 3.23 (0.71) | F = 61.37 *** | 2.84 (0.85) | 2.89 (0.74) | F = 0.13 |
JOB CONTROL | 3.43 (0.78) | 3.27 (0.86) | F = 4.25 * | 3.51 (0.77) | 3.19 (0.86) | F = 13.03 *** | 3.63 (0.74) | 3.17 (0.84) | F = 27.13 *** |
COMMUNICATION | 3.65 (0.82) | 3.22 (0.86) | F = 24.59 *** | 3.57 (0.81) | 3.23 (0.71) | F = 18.19 *** | 3.57 (0.86) | 3.32 (0.71) | F = 8.57 ** |
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TEAM | 3.95 (0.84) | 3.62 (0.88) | F = 12.85 *** | 3.85 (0.94) | 3.61 (0.84) | F = 1.83 | 4.00 (0.86) | 3.61 (0.86) | F = 15.25 *** |
Cynicism (Dependent Variable) | β | IF | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 2.05 | 0.32 | 6.40 | <0.001 |
Specialist area a | −0.18 | 0.15 | −1.20 | 0.230 |
Age a | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.57 | 0.568 |
Organizational mandate a | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.91 | 0.363 |
Emotional exhaustion | 0.42 | 0.04 | 10.50 | <0.001 |
Enhancement | −0.30 | 0.08 | −3.75 | <0.001 |
Exhaustion×Empowerment | −0.10 | 0.07 | −1.43 | <0.05 |
Model | β | IF | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group communication for team effectiveness | 0.68 | 0.05 | 13.53 | <0.001 |
Direct effects of team effectiveness on personal ineffectiveness | −0.32 | 0.08 | −3.93 | <0.001 |
Total effect of group communication on personal ineffectiveness | −0.27 | 0.07 | −3.69 | <0.001 |
Direct effect of group communication on personal ineffectiveness | −0.05 | 0.09 | −0.54 | 0.587 |
Partial effect of control variables on personal ineffectiveness | ||||
Specialist area a | −0.17 | 0.11 | −1.44 | 0.151 |
Age a | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.908 |
Organizational mandate a | −0.10 | 0.08 | −1.21 | 0.227 |
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Malta, G.; Plescia, F.; Zerbo, S.; Verso, M.G.; Matera, S.; Skerjanc, A.; Cannizzaro, E. Work and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study for Sustainable Work. Sustainability 2024, 16, 3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083228
Malta G, Plescia F, Zerbo S, Verso MG, Matera S, Skerjanc A, Cannizzaro E. Work and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study for Sustainable Work. Sustainability. 2024; 16(8):3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083228
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalta, Ginevra, Fulvio Plescia, Stefania Zerbo, Maria Gabriella Verso, Serena Matera, Alenka Skerjanc, and Emanuele Cannizzaro. 2024. "Work and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study for Sustainable Work" Sustainability 16, no. 8: 3228. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083228