Freight Distribution in Small Islands: Integration between Naval Services and Parcel Lockers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Problem Formulation and Methodology
- The problem was formulated in a time interval, and what happened outside of this interval was not considered;
- The empty trips of the parcel lockers (i.e., the return trips) were not considered;
- It was assumed that the couriers planned their activities in advance; thus the parcels to be delivered were at the port before the departure of the ferry;
- The approach was customer-oriented; thus, the costs of the couriers were not considered (in this paper it is considered that the monetary costs incurred by users do not suffer variations due to the improvement of the service).
3.1. The Problem
- D is the set of customers;
- L is the set of lockers;
- B is the set of scheduled ferry trips;
- is the arrival time of the parcel addressed to client j at the courier;
- is the departure time of the ferry trip i;
- is the travel time of the ferry trip i;
- ts is a threshold value for customer waiting time;
- qj is the dimension (weight) of the parcel addressed to the customer j;
- Cℓ is the capacity of locker ℓ;
- rℓ is the load rate of the locker ℓ;
- xijℓ is a binary decision variable, equal to 1 if the locker ℓ containing the parcel coming to the user j is embarked on the ferry i; 0 otherwise.
3.2. The Solution Approach
4. Application
4.1. Available Data
4.2. Parcel Lockers
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Day/Trip | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 25,200 | 32,400 | 50,400 | 61,200 |
2 | 111,600 | 118,800 | 136,800 | 147,600 |
3 | 198,000 | 205,200 | 223,200 | 234,000 |
4 | 284,400 | 291,600 | 309,600 | 320,400 |
5 | 370,800 | 378,000 | 396,000 | 406,800 |
ID | qj | tAj (*) | ID | qj | tAj (*) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | 12,207 | 14 | 1 | 229,695 |
2 | 12 | 277,780 | 15 | 6 | 9791 |
3 | 14 | 203,219 | 16 | 3 | 50,180 |
4 | 18 | 42,808 | 17 | 3 | 204,203 |
5 | 11 | 259,755 | 18 | 3 | 238,176 |
6 | 12 | 62,302 | 19 | 3 | 284,243 |
7 | 10 | 255,418 | 20 | 3 | 258,057 |
8 | 8 | 215,612 | 21 | 18 | 160,366 |
9 | 5 | 36,184 | 22 | 6 | 53,933 |
10 | 12 | 118,808 | 23 | 12 | 258,771 |
11 | 17 | 50,218 | 24 | 7 | 121,166 |
12 | 9 | 10,495 | 25 | 3 | 31,575 |
13 | 8 | 96,149 |
Population Size | Max Iterations | Crossover Rate | Mutation Rate | Locker Capacity | Locker Load Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 (N) | 1000 (it_max) | 0.60 (αc) | 0.10 (αm) | 60 (C) | 0.70 (r) |
tDi | Customer Id | Locker Load | Cost [Seconds] | Average Waiting Time [h] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50,400 | 9 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 11 | 25 | 1 | 60 | 175,833 | 6.98 | |
147,600 | 24 | 10 | 22 | 15 | 13 | 6 | 51 | 472,051 | 21.85 | ||
223,200 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 21 | 43 | 141,800 | 9.85 | ||||
284,400 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 19 | 2 | 20 | 55 | 278,105 | 9.66 |
Total | 209 | 1,067,789 | 11.86 |
tDi | Customer Id | Vehicle Load | Cost [km] | Average Waiting Time [h] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
136,800 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 24 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 25 | 9 | 111 | 37.95 | 20.58 |
284,400 | 8 | 14 | 7 | 21 | 2 | 5 | 18 | 20 | 3 | 17 | 23 | 19 | 98 | 40.55 | ||
Total | 209 | 78.50 |
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Di Gangi, M.; Polimeni, A.; Belcore, O.M. Freight Distribution in Small Islands: Integration between Naval Services and Parcel Lockers. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097535
Di Gangi M, Polimeni A, Belcore OM. Freight Distribution in Small Islands: Integration between Naval Services and Parcel Lockers. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097535
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Gangi, Massimo, Antonio Polimeni, and Orlando Marco Belcore. 2023. "Freight Distribution in Small Islands: Integration between Naval Services and Parcel Lockers" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097535
APA StyleDi Gangi, M., Polimeni, A., & Belcore, O. M. (2023). Freight Distribution in Small Islands: Integration between Naval Services and Parcel Lockers. Sustainability, 15(9), 7535. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097535