Analysis of Eco-Environmental Geological Problems and Their Driving Forces in the Henan Section of the Yellow River Basin, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
3. Research Methods
3.1. Soil Erosion Analysis
3.2. Functional Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation
3.3. Analysis of Water Conservation Function
3.4. Analysis of Biodiversity Maintenance Function
3.5. Analysis of the Susceptibility of Geological Disasters
3.6. Comprehensive Analysis of the Ecological Environment and Geological Problems
4. Results
4.1. Soil Erosion Analysis
4.2. Functional Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation
4.3. Analysis of Water Conservation Function
4.4. Analysis of Biodiversity Maintenance Function
4.5. Analysis of the Susceptibility of Geological Disasters
4.6. Ecological Environment and Geology of River Basin
4.7. Driving Force Analysis
4.7.1. Driving Force Analysis of the Sanmenxia–Zhengzhou Section
4.7.2. Analysis of Driving Force in the Zhengzhou–Puyang Section
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Area | Sensor | Year | Row Number |
---|---|---|---|
The south section of the Yellow River Basin | Landsat TM | 2001 | 123/35 123/36 124/36 125/36 135/37 126/37 |
Landsat TM | 2010 | ||
Landsat OLI | 2019 |
Soil Erosion Levels | Soil Erosion Modulus (t·km−2·a−1) | Average Loss Thickness (mm·a−1) |
---|---|---|
Slight erosion | <200 | <0.15 |
Mild erosion | 200–2500 | 0.15–1.9 |
Moderate erosion | 2500–5000 | 1.9–3.7 |
Intense erosion | 5000–8000 | 3.7–5.9 |
Extremely intense erosion | 8000–15,000 | 5.9–11.1 |
Severe erosion | >15,000 | >11.1 |
Factor | Weight of Factor (2001) | Weight of Factor (2010) | Weight of Factor (2019) |
---|---|---|---|
Distance from the Yellow River main stream | 0.1862 | 0.1788 | 0.1838 |
Vegetation coverage | 0.1576 | 0.1730 | 0.1748 |
Rainfall | 0.1295 | 0.1421 | 0.1333 |
Slope | 0.2297 | 0.2198 | 0.2290 |
Soil type | 0.1386 | 0.1336 | 0.1342 |
Distance from the mining area | 0.1585 | 0.1527 | 0.1549 |
Detection Indicators | Explanatory Power (q) | ||
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 2010 | 2019 | |
Elevation | 0.359 | 0.209 | 0.333 |
Slope | 0.174 | 0.062 | 0.145 |
Rainfall | 0.212 | 0.152 | 0.219 |
Temperature | 0.021 | 0.037 | 0.089 |
Evapotranspiration | 0.145 | 0.096 | 0.187 |
Vegetation coverage | 0.281 | 0.171 | 0.303 |
Land-use type | 0.183 | 0.152 | 0.218 |
NPP | 0.169 | 0.096 | 0.209 |
Mining activities | 0.148 | 0.038 | 0.183 |
Detection Indicators | 2001 | 2010 | 2019 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation | Two-Tailed | Correlation | Two-Tailed | Correlation | Two-Tailed | |
Elevation | 0.279 | 0.561 | 0.010 | 0.646 | 0.030 | 0.110 |
Slope | 0.018 | 0.373 | 0.037 | 0.076 | 0.030 | 0.170 |
Rainfall | −0.372 ** | 0 | −0.304 ** | 0 | −0.420 ** | 0 |
Temperature | 0.289 ** | 0 | 0.105 ** | 0 | 0.150 ** | 0 |
Evapotranspiration | 0.088 | 0.412 | 0.017 | 0.422 | 0.030 | 0.170 |
Vegetation coverage | −0.367 ** | 0 | −0.288 ** | 0 | −0.280 ** | 0 |
Land-use type | 0.316 ** | 0 | 0.294 ** | 0 | 0.150 ** | 0 |
NPP | −0.053 | 0.352 | −0.016 | 0.437 | −0.030 | 0.110 |
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Wen, G.; Wu, B.; Wang, L.; Wang, X.; Xie, H. Analysis of Eco-Environmental Geological Problems and Their Driving Forces in the Henan Section of the Yellow River Basin, China. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086818
Wen G, Wu B, Wang L, Wang X, Xie H. Analysis of Eco-Environmental Geological Problems and Their Driving Forces in the Henan Section of the Yellow River Basin, China. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086818
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen, Guangchao, Bingjie Wu, Lin Wang, Xiaohe Wang, and Hongbo Xie. 2023. "Analysis of Eco-Environmental Geological Problems and Their Driving Forces in the Henan Section of the Yellow River Basin, China" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086818
APA StyleWen, G., Wu, B., Wang, L., Wang, X., & Xie, H. (2023). Analysis of Eco-Environmental Geological Problems and Their Driving Forces in the Henan Section of the Yellow River Basin, China. Sustainability, 15(8), 6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086818