Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Tourism in the Global Economy
1.2. A Case Study on Tourism in Saudi Arabia: Diversification of Oil-Based Economy
1.3. Technologies and Their Impact on Tourism
1.4. The Need for Smart, Responsible, and Sustainable Tourism
1.5. This Work
2. State-of-the-Art and Research Gap
2.1. Data Analytics of Scientific Literature
2.2. Social Media Analytics
2.3. Research Gap and Novelty
3. Methodology and Design
3.1. Methodology Overview
Algorithm 1 BERTopic Algorithm |
Input: Scopus SearchQuery Output: Topics with labeled parameters and visualization 1: CSV_file ← DataColletion (Scopus SearchQuery) 2: AbstractPapers_DF ← read_CSV (CSV_file) 3: PreProces_AbstractPapers ← DataPreprocessing (AbstractPapers_DF) 4: word_embedding ← CreateBERT_EmbeddingModel (PreProcess_AbstractPapers) 5: UMAP_Model ← DimensionReduction (word_embedding) 6: HDBSCAN_Model ← Clustering (UMAP_Model) 7: Caclcaulate_ClassTFIDF ← Clustering (HDBSCAN_Model) 8: BERT_Clusters ← ClusterRediction (Caclcaulate_ClassTFIDF) 9: Model ← LoadModel (BERTopicModel) 10: Parameters ← relabeled (BERT_Clusters) 11: figures ← Visualization (Parameters) |
3.2. Dataset Collection Method
3.2.1. Dataset (Scopus)
3.2.2. Dataset (Twitter)
Algorithm 2 Data Collection Algorithm |
Input: Search_query {} Output: Tweets_CVS File [] 1: api ← connect_Twitter_API () 2: Tweets_DF ← collect_tweetsTourism (created_at, tweet_id, tweet_text) 3: Tweets_CSV ← Tweets_DF |
3.3. Data Preprocessing
3.3.1. Pre-Processing (Scopus: English)
Algorithm 3 Data Preprocessing (Scopus: English) |
Input: abstract Output: clean abstract 1: abstract _DF ← read_CSV (CSV_ file) 2: RD_DF ← DuplicateRemoval(abstract_DF) 3: RNV_DF ← RemovaNoAbstractValue (RD_DF) 4: AIC_DF ← RremoveIrrelevantCharacters (RNV_DF) 5: token_DF ← tokenizer (AIC_DF) 6: RSW_DF ← removeStopWords(token_DF) 7: lemma_DF ← lemmatization (RSW_DF) 8: clean_DF ← cleanAbstract(lemma_DF) |
3.3.2. Pre-Processing (Twitter: Arabic)
Algorithm 4 Data Preprocessing (Twitter: Arabic) |
Input: tweets_list; stopwords_List Output: CleanTweets [] 1: tweets_DF ← load(tweets_list) 2: tweets_RD ← RemoveDuplicate(tweets_DF) 3: tweets_RIC ← removeIrrelevantCharacters(tweets_RD) 4: tweetstokens ← tokenization(tweets_RIC) 5: tweets_normalize ← Normalization(tweets_tokes) 6: tweets_RS ← removeStopWords (tweets_normalize) 7: clean_Tweets [ ] ← cleantweets(tweets_RS) |
Removing Duplicates Tweets and Irrelevant Characters
Tokenization
Normalization
Removing Stop-Words
3.4. Parameter Modeling
3.5. Parameter Discovery and Quantitative Analysis
3.5.1. Term Score
3.5.2. Inter-Topic Distance Map
3.5.3. Hierarchical Clustering
3.5.4. Similarity Matrix
3.6. Validation and Visualization
4. Tourism Parameter Discovery for Tourism (Academia: Scopus)
4.1. Overview and Taxonomy (Academia: Scopus)
4.2. Quantitative Analysis (Scopus)
4.3. Tourism Types
4.3.1. Urban Tourism
4.3.2. Rural Tourism
4.3.3. Beach and Marine Tourism
4.3.4. National Parks
4.3.5. Wildlife Tourism
4.3.6. Adventure Tourism
4.3.7. Diving Tourism
4.3.8. Sports Tourism
4.3.9. Space Tourism
4.3.10. Cultural and Heritage Tourism
4.3.11. Music and Art Tourism
4.3.12. Religious Tourism
4.3.13. Halal Tourism
4.3.14. Medical and Wellness Tourism
4.3.15. Volunteer Tourism
4.3.16. Temporal Progression (Tourism Types)
4.4. Tourism Planning
4.4.1. Education and Training
4.4.2. Workforce
4.4.3. Air Transport
4.4.4. Hotel Industry
4.4.5. Food Services
4.4.6. Economic Growth
4.4.7. Economic Growth for Underdeveloped Communities (EGUC)
4.4.8. Forecasting Methods
4.4.9. Temporal Progression (Tourism Planning)
4.5. Tourism Challenges
4.5.1. Climate Change
4.5.2. Air Quality and Pollution
4.5.3. Water Quality and Pollution Management (WQPM)
4.5.4. Disasters
4.5.5. Pandemics
4.5.6. Sustainable Tourism
4.5.7. Temporal Progression (Tourism Challenges)
4.6. Media and Technologies
4.6.1. Film and TV Media
4.6.2. Online and Social Media
4.6.3. Mobile Applications
4.6.4. Virtual Reality
4.6.5. Temporal Progression (Media and Technologies)
5. Tourism Parameter Discovery (Public: Twitter)
5.1. Overview and Taxonomy
5.2. Quantitative Analysis (Twitter)
5.3. Tourist Attractions
5.3.1. International Destinations
للمزيد من المعلومات عن السياحة فى #اذربيجان#باكو #جورجيا #تبليسي #باتومي#قوبا #قابالا #بورجومي #سفر“ ”سياحة #دبي #الامارات# |
“For more information about tourism in #Azerbaijan #Baku #Georgia #Tbilisi #Batumi #Quba #Qabala #Borjomi #Travel #Tourism #Dubai #UAE”
5.3.2. National Destinations (Saudi Arabia)
“#طيران_اديل #السعودية #الرياض #جدة #مكة_المكرمة #المدينة_المنورة #ابها #تبوك #حفرالباطن #الدمام #الخبر #القصيم #بريدة #الزلفي #الجوف #المجمعة #حائل #الطائف #ينبع #نجران #الخرج #الخفجي #العلا #سياحة” |
“Flyadeal #Saudi Arabia #Riyadh #Jeddah #Mecca #Abha #Tabuk #Hafar Al-Batin #Dammam #Khobar #Qassim #Buraydah #Zulfi #Jouf #Al Majmaah #Hail #Taif #Yanbu #Najran #Kharj #Khafji #Ula #Tourism”
“من الأمور الايجابية التي نتجت عن كورونا هي السياحة البيئية والدينية الداخلية التي نشطت بشكل كبير وهنا دور وزارة السياحة بالتنسيق مع النقابات ووكالات السفر والسياحة” |
“Among the positive things that resulted from Corona is the internal and ecological tourism, which has been very active, and here is the role of the Ministry of Tourism in coordination with unions and travel and tourism agencies”
5.3.3. NEOM (Smart City)
“مشروع نيوم هو المستقبل والتاريخ الجديد، وهو الوجهة الأكثر ملاءمة للعيش على مستوى العالم حيث يسعى لتنمية الاقتصاد السعودي وتنويع مصادره، وتقديم نموذج مثالي لمعيشة مستدامة ومزدهرة.” |
“NEOM is the new future and history, the world’s most livable destination. It seeks to develop the Saudi economy, diversify its sources, and provide an ideal model for sustainable and prosperous living.”
“Head of the tourism sector in #NEOM: It is planned to open the first hotel in the NEOM project at the end of 2022, and open up to 15 hotels annually between 2023 and 2025”
“نيوم تتميز بطبيعة جغرافية فريدة من نوعها بالعالم كله ومن اشكال الاستغلال الأمثل لهذي الطبيعه جات مشاريع عملاقة في نيوم مثل اطلاق مشروع #تروجينا واللي راح يصير الاميز في السياحة البيئية” |
“NEOM is characterized by a unique geographical nature in the whole world, and among the forms of optimal exploitation of this nature, giant projects have come together in NEOM, such as the Trogena project, which will become a distinguished name in eco-tourism”
“ذا لاين مدينة المستقبل في نيوم، المدينة تستهدف تحقيق مثالية العيش ومعالجة التحديات الملحة التي تواجه البشرية.” |
“The Line, the city of the future in NEOM, the city aims to achieve the ideal of living and address the urgent challenges facing humanity”
“ذالاين احدى مشاريع المستقبل واللي يخدم البيئة ويرفع من جودة الحياة ويرفع من مستوى السياحة والاقتصاد المحلي” |
“The Line is one of the future projects that serves the environment, raises the quality of life and raises the level of tourism and the local economy”
“انطلقت أولى الرحلات الدولية من مطار نيوم إلى دبي، خطوة مميزة لتحقيق رؤية المملكة…شكرا للهيئة العامة للطيران المدني وكافة الجهات” |
“The first international flight departed from NEOM Airport to Dubai, an important step to achieve the Kingdom’s vision … thanks to the General Authority of Civil Aviation and all”
5.3.4. AlUla City
“العلا أعظممدينه تاريخيةفي المملكةالعربية السعودية،وتوجد بهامدائنصالحو هيوجهةسياحية رائعةتتمتع بالعديدمن الثقافات والمواقعالأثرية” |
“AlUla is the greatest historical city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and there is Mada’in Saleh, which is a wonderful tourist destination with many cultures and archaeological sites”
“مدائن_صالح في #العلا أول موقع سعودي مُدرج على لائحة اليونسكو للتراث العالمي” |
“Mada’in_Saleh in AlUla is the first Saudi site to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List”.
“محافظة العلا هي تحفه فنيه رائع توجد فيها (مدائن صالح) احد الاثار قديمة والجميلة” |
“AlUla Governorate is a wonderful masterpiece in which there is (Madain Saleh), one of the ancient and beautiful monuments”
5.3.5. Abha City
“ابها البهية حباها الله بطبيعة خلابة وصيف ممتع تكتسي فيهسماءها بغيوم متراكمه تشاهدها وانت بأعالي منتزهاتها…” |
“Abha Al-Bahiya. God has blessed it with a beautiful nature and an enjoyable summer in which its sky is covered with accumulated clouds. You watch it while you are in parks above the clouds”
“مدينة أبها هي عاصمة السياحة العربية لعام 2017م،والذي يعتبر انجاز للمدينة ولمنطقة عسير بشكل عام” |
“Abha is the capital of Arab tourism for the year 2017. Which is considered an achievement for the city and the Asir region in general”
“السياحة السعودية: جهود رائعة في صيف أبها لهذا العام من قبل هيئة تطوير عسير. نشاطات وفعاليات ومهرجانات متعدد ة استمتع زوار أبها بأجواء رائعة” |
“Saudi Tourism: Great efforts in Abha summer this year by the Asir Development Authority Multiple activities, events, and festivals. Visitors to Abha enjoyed a wonderful atmosphere”
5.3.6. Jeddah Historical
“زرت اليوم واستمعت برحلة في تاريخ جده القديمةو مواقعها الاثرية ، وجدت عدداً من السياح وعملت مترجماً لهم لما كتب على اللوحات” |
“I visited today and listened to a journey in the history of ancient Jeddah and its archaeological sites, and I found a number of tourists and worked as a translator for them of what was written on the paintings”
“جده التاريخيه تعتبر من احد اهم الأماكن التاريخيه في دولتنا واهتمام ولي عهد في تطويرها يعكس حجمه” |
“Historic Jeddah is considered one of the most important historical places in our country, and the interest of the Crown Prince in developing it reflects its importance”
5.3.7. Natural Places
“تمتع بجمال الطبيعة في جبال القوقاز الخلابة بعد الغداء في مطاعم الساحات الاوروبية و العالمية…” |
“Enjoy the beauty in spectacular Caucasus mountains after lunch in the restaurants of European and international squares…”
“زور عسيرواستمتع باستكشافالطبيعة الساحرةفي جبال السودةحتى قرية رجال ألمع التاريخية” |
“visit Asir and enjoy exploring the enchanting nature in the Souda Mountains to the historic village of Rijal Alma”
“تروجينا…وجهة سياحية عالمية لعشاق الطبيعة والمغامرة والترفيه في أعالي جبال نيوم” |
“Trogena … a global tourist destination for lovers of nature, adventure and entertainment in the high mountains of NEOM”
5.3.8. Seasonal Festivals
“ احجز تذكرتك كافة انواع وفئات فعاليات موسم الرياض تذاكر حفلات ورحلات مناسبات والعاب ومنزهات في البوليفارد…” |
“Book your ticket for all types and categories of Riyadh Season events, tickets for parties, trips, events, games and parks on the Boulevard…”
5.3.9. Temporal Progression (Tourist Attractions)
5.4. Tourism Services
5.4.1. Programs, Tours, and Packages
“]شركةسياحية[يقدم لك أفضل البرامج السياحية في منصة وحدة من قبل شركات تنظيم الرحلات” |
“[Travel Company] offers you the best tourism programs in a single platform by tour operators”.
“عيش المغامرة الان في جورجيا مع برامج سياحية مختلفة من]شركة سياحية[للسياحة والسفر” |
“Live the adventure now in Georgia with different tourism programs from [Travel Company] for travel and tourism”
,“وزارة الثقافة بالتعاون مع وزارة السياحة ينظمون لزوار الحرمين برامج سياحيه ثقافيه مصممه للمعتمرين زيارات لاماكن دينيه رحلات لطريق لهجرة. زيارات لمواقع الغزوات” |
“The Ministry of Culture, in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism, organizes cultural tourism programs for visitors to …”
“السياحه في… برامجنا تشمل شقق فاخره للعوائل والشباباستقبال وتوديع المطارفنادق ومنتجعات سيارة وسائق خاص رحلات يومي” |
“Tourism in … Our programs include luxury apartments for families and youth Airport reception and farewell Hotels and resorts Car and private driver Daily trips”
“السياحه في… برامجنا تشمل شقق فاخره للعوائل والشباباستقبال وتوديع المطارفنادق ومنتجعاتسيارة وسائق خاص رحلات يومي” |
“Tourism in … Our programs include luxury apartments for families and youth, Airport reception and farewell, Hotels and resorts, Car and private driver, daily trips”
“رحلات سياحية لمزارع إنتاج الورد في عروس المصائف الطائف في صيف_السعودية” |
“Tourist trips to the rose production farms in the bride of summer resorts Taif City”
“هنوفر لك حجز فندقي أو شقق فندقية و سيارة خاصة و رحلات سياحية” |
“We will provide you with a hotel reservation or hotel apartments, a private car and tourist trips”
“قريباً رحلات كروز السعودية تنطلق مجدداً من جدة إلى 3 وجهات في البحر الأحمر السعودية ومصر والأردن” |
“Coming soon Saudi Cruise trips, it departs from Jeddah to three destinations in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia Egypt Jordan”
5.4.2. Offers, Discounts, and Gifts
“الان أفضل عروض السفر و السياحة إلى جزيرة… الجميلة سارع بالحجز الان على افضل عروض السياحه وسفر…” |
“Now the best travel and tourism offers to the beautiful island …, hurry up to book now for the best tourism and …travel”
“سياحة في جورجيا خصومات خاصة للأعداد الكبيرة وخصومات خاصة للشركات وهدايا للعرسان الجداد لأحلي شهر عسل” |
“Tourism in Georgia Special discounts for large numbers, special discounts for companies and gifts for newlyweds for the sweetest honeymoon”
“خصومات وعروض ومبادرات خاصة بالمواطنين لتشجيع السياحة الداخلية” |
“Discounts, offers and initiatives for citizens to encourage domestic tourism”
“استمتع باكتشاف جمال وجهات صيفالسعوديةبخصومات حصرية تصل حتى 50%” |
“Enjoy discovering the beauty of Saudi summer destinations with exclusive discounts of up to 50%”
“عروض_سياحية خصومات مميزة علي اسعار تذاكر الطيران احصل علي خصم30% من سعر تذاكر سفرك…” |
“Tourist Offers Special discounts on airline ticket prices. Get a 30% discount on the price of your travel tickets…”
5.4.3. Tourist Guides
“نسعد بخدمتكم في مجال الارشاد السياحي كـمرشد سياحي في منطقة تبوك او نيوم او محافظة العلا” |
“We are pleased to serve you … as a tourist guide in the Tabuk, Neom, or AlUla regions”.
“المرشد السياحي واجهه مشرفه لبلاده فقد تم تأهيله في مهارات الارشاد السياحي والاسعافات الاولية… بإشراف مباشر من وزارة السياحة… فهو يقدم المعلومة الصحيحة عن المكان والزمان وخير معين في السفر” |
“The tour guide is qualified with the skills of tourist guidance and first aid … managed by the Ministry of Tourism … [tour guide] provides the correct information about the place and time and other information needed in travel”
“سائق ومرشد سياحي في اندونيسيايتكلم الانجليزية والعربية” |
“Driver and tour guide in Indonesia who speaks English and Arabic”
“رحلة سياحية لزيارة مرتفعات الشفا، تتضمن نشاط الهايكنج بمرافقة مرشد سياحي متخصص” |
“Tourist trip from Shefa Heights, hiking activity, accompanied by a specialized tour guide”
5.4.4. Restaurants and Hotels
“في نادي_جدة_لليخوت استمتعوا بتجربة ممتعة مع المطاعم المطلة على البحر” |
“In Jeddah yacht club, have an enjoyable experience with restaurants overlooking the sea”
”أفضل اطلالات و أفخم الفنادق في جورجيا بأسعار خاصة“ |
“The best views and the most luxurious hotels in Georgia at special prices”
“لتعزيز قطاع السياحة وتطوير وجهات سياحية نوعية، وقع صندوق التنمية السياحي مع مجموعة فنادق ومنتجعات… مذكرة تفاهم لشراكة استراتيجية تطويريه لجذب الاستثمار السياحي بالمملكة” |
“To promote the tourism sector and develop quality tourist destinations, Tourism Development Fund signed up with a group of hotels and resorts a memorandum of understanding for a strategic development partnership to attract tourism investments in the Kingdom”
“تُقدّم العلا مجموعة متنوعة من أماكن الإقامة والمنتجعات الراقية” |
“AlUla offers a variety of high-end accommodation and resorts”
“تمتع بأجواء الاقامة فى افخم المنتجعات والفنادق والأكواخفي جورجيا” |
“Enjoy the atmosphere of accommodation in the most luxurious resorts, hotels, and cottages in Georgia”
5.4.5. Medical Insurance and Internet Services (MI2S)
“احجز رحلتك معنا وأحصل على تأمين السفر وشرائح انترنت مجاناوخصم خاص للحجز المسبق…” |
“Book your trip with us and get travel insurance, free internet SIM cards, and a special discount for pre-booking for reservations …”
” الخطوط السعودية تشترط تأمين طبي للأطفال“ |
“Saudi Airlines requires medical insurance for children”
“يتعين على كافة الزوار الحصول على تأمين طبي ضد مخاطر كورونا؛ والتي يمكن الحصول عليها من جميع المطارات الدولية في المملكة عند الوصول” |
“All visitors are required to have medical insurance against corona risks, which can be obtained from all international airports in the Kingdom upon arrival”
5.4.6. Temporal Progression (Tourism Services)
6. Discussion
6.1. Novelty and Utilization
7. Conclusions
7.1. Theoretical and Practical Implications
7.2. Limitations
7.3. Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BERT | Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer |
HDBSCAN | Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise |
UMPA | Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection |
TF–IDF | Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency |
ICTs | Information and Communication Technologies |
UNWTO | World Tourism Organization |
AI | Artificial intelligence |
NLTK | Natural Language Toolkit |
NLP | Natural language processing |
EGUC | Economic Growth for Underdeveloped Communities |
WQPM | Water Quality & Pollution Management |
MI2S | Medical Insurance & Internet Services |
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Keywords |
السياحة، السفر، السياحة السعودية، السياحة الداخلية، سياح، مسافرين Tourism, Travel, Saudi Tourism, Domestic Tourism, Tourists, Travelers |
Hashtags |
#روح_السعودية، #السياحة_السعودية، #صيف_السعودية، #صيفنا_على_جوك، #السياحة_الداخلية، #موسم_الرياض، #اكتشف_العلا، #العلا ،#نيوم The Spirit of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Tourism, Saudi Summer, Our Summer, Internal Tourism, Riyadh Season, Discover AlUla, AlUla, NEOM |
Accounts |
وزارة السياحة، أخبار السياحة، روح السعودية، الهيئة السعودية للسياحة، الهيئة العامة للترفيه @Saudi MT, @Tourism news1, @VistSaudiAR, @SaudiTourism, @GEA_SA |
Macro | Parameters | No. | % | Keywords |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tourism Types | Urban Tourism | 18 | 0.34% | Urban, City, Urban Tourism, Culture, Space, Heritage, Branding, Tourism, Spatial, Social, City Branding, Economic, Historic, Destination, Sustainable, City Image, Policy, Urban, Planning, Design |
Rural Tourism | 1 | 1.31% | Rural, Rural Tourism, Farm, Tourism, Agricultural, Rural Area, Village, Community, Agritourism, Farmer, Landscape, Economic, Sustainable, Cultural, Traditional, Farming, Rural Community, Land, Product, Resource | |
Beach & Marine Tourism | 22 | 0.31% | Coastal, Marine, Blue, Ocean, Area, Sea, Tourism, Maritime, Marine Tourism, Coastal Tourism, Resource, Economic, Ecosystem, Management, Island, Economy, Coastal Area, Sustainable, Coast, Coastal Zone | |
31 | 0.24% | Beach, Coastal, Litter, Sand, Coast, Wave, Erosion, Management, Item, Area, Sediment, Marine, Sea, Along, Shoreline, Plastic, Natural, Recreational, User, Activity | ||
National Parks | 38 | 0.21% | Park, National Park, National, Visitor, Area, Protected, Management, Protected Area, Nature, Recreation, Ecotourism, Forest, Area, Cultural, Sustainable, Resource, Environmental, Community, Ecological, Landscape | |
39 | 0.21% | Forest, Specie, Are, Land, Mountain, Plant, Bird, Vegetation, Landscape, Change, Cover, Fire, Park, Tree, Habitat, Management, Ecosystem, Population, Natural, Diversity | ||
Wildlife Tourism | 21 | 0.31% | Wildlife, Animal, Hunting, Specie, Human, Wild, Bear, Visitor, Population, Park, Experience, Habitat, Viewing, Area, Management, Encounter, Activity, Community, Disease, Protected | |
29 | 0.25% | Wildlife, Animal, Elephant, Wildlife Tourism, Zoo, Specie, Human, Wild, Population, Bear, Tourism, Park, Hunting, Habitat, Visitor, Area, Management, Viewing, National Park, Encounter | ||
Adventure Tourism | 43 | 0.18% | Mountain, Adventure, Hiking, Trail, Alpine, Tourism, Area, Mountain Tourism, Landscape, Climbing, Hiker, Bike, Adventure Tourism, Destinations, Mountain Area, Biking, Activity, Management, Natural, Recreation | |
Diving Tourism | 13 | 0.41% | Diving, Reef, Coral, Oil, Marine, Spill, Sea, Coral Reef, Coastal, Specie, Water, Island, Area, Site, Impact, Ecosystem, Coast, Environmental, Damage, Pollution | |
Sports Tourism | 25 | 0.28% | Olympic, Sport, Game, Event, Olympic Game, Cup, Mega, Olympics, World Cup, Host, City, Legacy, Hosting, World, Host City, Sporting, Impact, Sport Tourism, Resident, Host | |
33 | 0.25% | Olympic, Sport, Game, Event, Olympic Game, Cup, Mega, Olympics, World Cup, Host, City, Legacy, Hosting, World, Host City, Sporting, Impact, Sport Tourism, Resident, Host | ||
Space Tourism | 12 | 0.49% | Space, Flight, Launch, Commercial, Vehicle, Mission, Earth, Exploration, Station, Satellite, Private, International, Human, Technology, Cost, Design, Passenger, Law, Operation, Future | |
Culture & Heritage Tourism | 30 | 0.25% | Geological, Geotourism, Geopark, Geological Heritage, Heritage, Area, Site, Volcanic, Geomorphological, Unesco, Rock, Village, Building, Historical, Economic, Architectural, Resource, Global, Mining, Activity | |
Music & Art Tourism | 16 | 0.37% | Festivals, Event, Music, Cultural, Visitor, Art, Community, Impact, Identity, Place, Organize, Culture, Economic, Group, Experience, Finding, City, Social, Held, Satisfaction | |
Religious Tourism | 19 | 0.33% | Religious, Pilgrimage, Religious Tourism, Spiritual, Pilgrim, Religion, Sacred, Church, Tourism, Christian, Secular, Spiritual Tourism, Buddhist, Spirituality, Temple, Pilgrimage, Experience, Visitor, Heritage, Place | |
Halal Tourism | 40 | 0.21% | Muslim, Islamic, Halal, Halal Tourism, Religious, Islam, Tourism, Destination, Compliant, Friendly, Country, Satisfaction, Religiosity, Non, Religious Tourism, Hotel, Attribute, Finding, Service, Saudi, Mosque, Pilgrimage, Pilgrim, Relationship | |
Medical & Wellness Tourism | 6 | 1.03% | Medical, Medical Tourism, Health, Patient, Healthcare, Hospital, Wellness, Spa, Tourism, Health Tourism, Treatment, Service, Healthcare, Travel, Quality, Country, Eastern, Industry, Medicine, Factor | |
Volunteer Tourism | 23 | 0.30% | Volunteer, Experience, Host, Organization, Community, Host Community, Participant, Motivation, Organization, Group, Project, International, Practice, Interview, Personal, Cultural, Global, Understand, Program, Motivation | |
Tourism Planning | Education & Training | 2 | 1.10% | Student, Tourism, Teacher, Work, University, Industry, Management, Tourism Student, International, Language, Graduate, Classroom, Educator, Program, Vocational, Degree, Training, Experience, Questionnaire, Degree |
Workforce | 17 | 0.34% | Employee, Job, Customer, Satisfaction, Work, Service, Organizational, Relationship, Performance, Workplace, Industry, Worker, Leadership, Organization, Manager, Engagement, Customer Satisfaction, Influence, Tourism, Working | |
Air Transport | 36 | 0.23% | Airline, Airport, Air, Low Cost, Aviation, Passenger, Carrier, Cost, Transport, Low, Flight, Service, Travel, Industry, Demand, Route, Market, International, Traffic, Code | |
Hotel Industry | 5 | 0.86% | Hotel, Customer, Hotel Industry, Industry, Employee, Performance, Guest, Manager, Satisfaction, Star, Management, Room, Green, Relationship, Hotel Manager, Star Hotel, Model, Organizational, Service Quality, Environmental | |
Food Services | 3 | 1.1% | Food, Restaurant, Culinary, Food Tourism, Cuisine, Gastronomic, Gastronomy, Tourism, Experience, Product, Dining, Consumption, Culture, Customer, International, Safety, Service, Satisfaction, Industry, Quality | |
Economic Growth | 15 | 0.38% | Growth, Economic Growth, Economic, Tourism, Model, Test, Demand, Country, Tourism Demand, International, Income, GDP, Arrival, Relationship, Result, Long, Long Run, Panel, Domestic, China | |
10 | 0.56% | Tourism Industry, Growth, World, Growing, Economic, International, Market, Sector, Tourism Industry, Country, Largest, Travel, Economy, Fastest, Fastest Growing, Destination, Global, City, Increase | ||
EGUC | 27 | 0.27% | Poverty, Pro Poor, Tourism, Alleviation, Poverty Alleviation, Pro, Community, Income, Poverty Reduction, Economic, Country, Growth, Sector, Government, Benefit, Low, Development, Rural, Policy, Household | |
Forecasting Methods | 14 | 0.42% | Forecasting, Model, Algorithm, Google, Forecast, Ontology, Forecast, Time Series, Fuzzy, Recommendation, Prediction, Neural Network, Performance, Arrival, Accurate, Combination, Result, Error, Corpus, Machine | |
Tourism Challenges | Climate Change | 44 | 0.17% | Climate, Weather, Temperature, Thermal, Summer, Climatic, Dog, Meteorological, Outdoor, Season, Tourism, Weather Condition, Day, Warm, Comfortable, Humidity, Tourism Climate, Winter, Daily, Warm, Humidity, Comfortable, Pet, Seasonal |
20 | 0.32% | Ski, Winter, Climate, Resort, Climate Change, Ice, Mountain, Sport, Alpine, Area, Season, Condition, Adaption, Impact, High, Temperature, Cover, Destination, Alp | ||
Air Quality & Pollution | 26 | 0.28% | Carbon, Emission, Low carbon, climate, carbon emission, tourism, Co2, Environmental, co2 emission, Consumption, Climate, Change, Growth, Policy, Country, Travel, Economic, Greenhouse, Industry, Air | |
WQPM | 4 | 0.92% | Water, Lake, River, Water Quality, Groundwater, Water Resource, Quality, Waste, Water, Basin, Pollution, Drought, Irrigation, Management, Water Supply, Reservoir, Ecosystem, Sediment, Damage, High, Environmental | |
Disasters | 35 | 0.23% | Tsunami, Disaster, Earthquake, Damage, Recovery, Flood, Area, Landslide, Natural Disaster, Hazard, Coastal, Natural, Affected, Tourism, Vulnerability, Indian Ocean, Resilience, Building, Impact, Affected | |
28 | 0.26% | Death, War, Site, Memorial, Literary, Tourism, Heritage, Museum, Memory, History, Visitor, Place, World War, World, Visit, Military, Book, Experience, Narrative, Right | ||
Pandemics | 9 | 0.60% | COVID-19, 19, Pandemic, 19 Pandemic, Crisis, Disease, Industry, Health, Travel, Impact, Outbreak, Risk, Sector, 2020, Affected, Business Measure Global, Countries, Policy | |
Sustainable Tourism | 42 | 0.18% | Sustainable, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism, Community, Environmental, Sustainability, Amazon, Manager, Heritage, Cultural, Policy, Impact, Attitude, Destination, Economic, Protection, Visitor, Ecotourism, Industry, Management | |
Media & Technologies | Film & TV Media | 41 | 0.20% | Film, Film Tourism, Movie, Television, Induced Tourism, Tv, Drama, Tourism, Popular, Screen, Video, Production, Cinema, Celebrity, Film Television, Audience, Fan, Cultural, Destination Image, Travel |
Online & Social Media | 11 | 0.56% | Online, Internet, Website, Travel, Social Media, Golf, Facebook, User, Hotel, Customer, Marketing, Consumer, Twitter, Review, Online Travel, Booking, Instagram, Travel Agency, Sentiment, Purchase | |
Mobile Applications | 8 | 0.66% | Mobile, Smart, Smart Tourism, Smartphone, Mobile Device, Phone, City, Tourism, Technology, Mobile Application, Information, User, Smartphones, Location, Context, Experience, Map, GPS, Platform, Design | |
Virtual Reality | 34 | 0.23% | 3d, Algorithm, Detection, Building, Virtual, Computer, Digital, Simulation, Software, Modelling, Sensor, Machine, Optimization, Laser, Visualization, Reconstruction, High, City, Network, Photogrammetry | |
7 | 0.67% | Destination, Intention, Satisfaction, Vr, Image, Model, Relationship, Perceived, Effect, Service, Result, Finding, Destination Image, Influence, Customer, Quality, Factor, Emotion, Decision, Implication, Implication |
Macro | Parameters | No | % | Keywords |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tourist Attractions | International Destinations | 1 | 3.04% | أذربيجان، قابلا، قوبا، باكو، بورجومي، دبي، باتومي، تبليسي، قطر، البحرين Azerbaijan, Qabil, Quba, Baku, Borjomi, Dubai, Batumi, Tbilisi, Qatar, Bahrain |
National Destinations (Saudi Arabia) | 0 | 14.20% | السياحة، السفر، الرياض،نيوم، الداخليه، موسم، العالم، جده، المدينه، العلا Tourism, Travel, Riyadh, Neom, Local, Season, The World, Jeddah, Medina, Alula | |
25 | 0.85% | خيبر، بدر، ينبع، العلا، المنوره، المدينه، جازان، البكيرية، للتفاصيل، استعلم Khyber, Badr, Yanbu, Alula, Munawwarah, Medina, Jazan, Bukayriah, Details, Inquire | ||
NEOM (Smart City) | 8 | 1.03% | نيوم، الأكثر، الاحلام، مستوي، المشروع، طموحا، العالم،للقائد، والملهم، المستقبل NEOM, The Most, Dreams, Level, Project, Ambitious, World, Leader, Inspiring, Future | |
13 | 0.92% | نيوم، جده، مطار، الرياض، برج، المراقبه، فرضت، مغلقه، واشنطن، المرضي NEOM, Jeddah, Airport, Riyadh, Tower, Observation, Imposed, Closed, Washington, Accepted | ||
22 | 0.66% | المستقبل، والاستثمار، نيوم، يعلن، تصاميم، اهداف، أطلقها، لاين، الاقتصاديه، فكرتها Future, Investment, NEOM, Announces, Designs, Goals, Launched, Line, Economic, Idea | ||
AlUla City | 3 | 2.14% | العلا، املج، قمة، مدائن، جده، قرارات، اعلى، الخليجي، وزراء، بتبوك AlUla, Umluj, Summit, Mada’in, Jeddah, Decisions, Higher, Gulf, Ministers, Tabuk | |
Abha City | 14 | 0.96% | ابها، عاصمه، طرق، لعام، ولمنطقه، للمدينة، انجاز، يعتبر، عسير، ينبع، السياحه Abha, Capital, Roads, Year, Region, For City, Achievement, Considered, Asir, Yanbu, Tourism | |
Jeddah Historical | 18 | 0.75% | التاريخيه، جولة، جده، تستضيف، والجغرافية، بمكانتها، أهميتها، مساعده، مساعد،الجيولوجية Historical, Tour, Jeddah, Host, Geographic, Position, Importance, Assistance, Helper, Geologic | |
Natural Places | 26 | 0.55% | القوقاز، جبال، الأوربية، الطبيعة، جنه، المسافر، يلمسها، امتزاج، حلما، الخلابة، تمتع Caucasus, Mountains, European, Nature, Paradise, Traveler, Touches, Mix, Dream Wonderful | |
Seasonal Festivals | 11 | 0.99% | تذاكر، احجز، ونترلاند، موسم، جده، الرياض، البوليفارد، يجي، تتوفر، الي بيها، والبليفارد Tickets, Book, Winterland, Season, Jeddah, Riyadh, Boulevard, Come, Available, If You Want | |
16 | 0.92% | تذكرتك، فعاليات، احجز، جنغل، جده، تذاكر، حفل، حتعيش، تتاخر، والموسيقى Your Ticket, Events, Book, Jungle, Jeddah, Tickets, Party, Live, Be Late, Music | ||
17 | 0.91% | السنه، تذاكر، راس، موسم، الرياض، حفله، البوليفارد، العلم، جزيره، ونترلاند Year, Tickets, Head, Season, Riyadh, Party, Boulevard, Flag, Island, Winterland | ||
Tourism Services | Programs, Tours & Packages | 5 | 1.49% | سياحي،سياحيه، برامج، سيارة، برنامج، انسب، حجز فنادق، تأجير، متميزة، جولات، حجوزات Tourist (a person), Tourist (adjective), Programs, Car, Program, Most Suitable, Hotel Reservation, Rental, Distinguished, Tours, Reservations |
15 | 0.93% | كشتات، مرافقه، بوكنيك، توصيل، حجز، سائق،شقق، دليل، المطار، بأسعار Camping, Accompany, Booking, Delivery, Reservation, Driver, Apartments, Guide, Airport, Prices | ||
27 | 0.55% | المسافرون، رحلات، العرب، عمان، عوائل، باتومي، عطلات، البحرين، للحجز، قطر Travelers, Trips, Arabs, Oman, Families, Batumi, Holidays, Bahrain, For Reservations, Qatar | ||
Offers, Discounts & Gifts | 29 | 0.50% | عرض، سافر، احجز، واستمتع، ووفر، بأسعار، سفر، قطر، منتجع، جميل Offer, Travel, Book, Enjoy, Save, Prices, Travel, Qatar, Resort, Beauty | |
2 | 2.22% | أذربيجان، خاصه، خصومات، السياحه، للشركات، رياده، وهدايا، الكبيرة، استفسار، الشتاء Azerbaijan, Special, Discounts, Tourism, Companies, Entrepreneurship, Gifts, Big, Inquiries, Winter | ||
21 | 0.70% | أفضل، العروض، الأسعار، الالكتروني، والاسعار، دوله، عشاق، اثناء، أذربيجان، الخصومات Best, Offers, Prices, Electronic, Prices, Country, Lovers, During, Azerbaijan, Discounts | ||
Tourist Guides | 4 | 1.53% | والاستعلام، مرشد، رحلتك، عروض، للحجز، الامارات، البحرين، عمان، تبليسي، قطر Inquire, Guide, Your Trip, Offers, For Reservations, Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Tbilisi, Qatar | |
Restaurants and Hotels | 23 | 0.62% | الأماكن،السياحيه، جهزت، والمواقع، عروس، والمطاعم، كامل، الأوسط، مدن، الخليج Places, Tourist, Prepared, Sites, Bride, Restaurants, Full, Middle, Cities, Gulf | |
24 | 0.58% | أفخم، الفنادق، المطاعم، اسكن، السائحين، القريب، ارقي، عرض، دوله، اجازتكم Most Luxurious, Hotels, Restaurants, Live, Tourists, Nearest, Finest, Offer, Country, Vacation | ||
7 | 1.03% | عروض، خدمات، أسعار، الشتاء، السياحه، منتجعات،أفضل،والأمان، الراحه، الأماكن Offers, Services, Prices, Winter, Tourism, Resorts, Best, Safety, Comfort, Places | ||
Medical Insurance & Internet Services (MI2S) | 12 | 0.99% | تامين، واحصل، رحله، وشرائح، انترنت، اخبروه، لسائق، رأيتم، تاكسي، نشرت Insurance, Get, Trip, SIM Cards, Internet, Tell Him, Driver, You Saw, Taxi |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Alsahafi, R.; Alzahrani, A.; Mehmood, R. Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations. Sustainability 2023, 15, 4166. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054166
Alsahafi R, Alzahrani A, Mehmood R. Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations. Sustainability. 2023; 15(5):4166. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054166
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlsahafi, Raniah, Ahmed Alzahrani, and Rashid Mehmood. 2023. "Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations" Sustainability 15, no. 5: 4166. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054166