Study on the Atmospheric Diffusion of Airborne Radionuclide under LOCA of Offshore Floating Nuclear Power Plants Based on CALPUFF
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Calculation Method
2.1. Calculation Model
2.2. Study Area and Object
2.3. Main Parameters
2.3.1. Setting of Meteorological Data
2.3.2. Setting of Original Terrain Elevation Data and Land-Use Data
2.3.3. Setting Sensitivity Parameters
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results of Activity Concentration Distribution under Navigation and Power Supply Conditions for Floating Nuclear Power Plants at Sea
3.2. Sensitivity Analysis of Meteorological Parameters
3.2.1. Sensitivity Analysis of Wind Speed Parameters
- (1)
- When the cloud cover is in the range of 1–3, the greater the wind speed is, the smaller the concentration is. When the wind speed increases from 2.5 m/s to 15 m/s, the radionuclide concentration decreases, and the decreasing rate is larger. When the wind speed increases from 15 m/s to 20 m/s, the decreasing trend of radionuclides is very slow.
- (2)
- When the cloud cover is 4, the decrease in radionuclide concentration is slightly larger than that at 1–3 cloud cover, and the concentration trend is similar.
- (3)
- When the cloud cover is in the range of 7–10 and the wind speed is from 2.5 m/s to 10 m/s, the radionuclide concentration decreases, and the decreasing trend is larger. When the cloud cover is 8 and the wind speed is from 10 m/s to 12 m/s, the radionuclide concentration decreases, and when the wind speed is from 12–20 m/s, the radionuclide concentration tends to be flat. When the cloud cover is 9–10 and the wind speed is 10–20 m/s, the concentration of radionuclides tends to be flat.
3.2.2. Sensitivity Analysis of Meteorological Parameters of Cloud Cover
- (1)
- When the cloud cover is 1–4 and the wind speed is 2.5–17.5 m/s, the concentration of radionuclides decreases, but the decrease is not significant.
- (2)
- When the cloud cover is 4–7 and the wind speed is 2.5–12.5 m/s, the decrease in radionuclide concentration increases slightly compared with that when the cloud cover is 1–4. When the wind speed is 15–20 m/s, the decrease rate of radionuclide concentration is significantly higher than that when the cloud cover is 1–4.
- (3)
- When the cloud cover is 7–10 and the wind speed is 2.5–7.5 m/s, the decrease in radionuclide concentration is significantly higher than that when the cloud cover is 1–7. When the wind speed is 10 m/s, the decrease rate of radionuclide concentration is slightly larger than that when the cloud cover is 1–7; however, when the wind speed is 12.5–20 m/s, the decrease rate of radionuclide concentration decreases gradually and tends to be flat.
- (4)
- When the wind speed is 2.5 m/s, the maximum concentration difference caused by cloud cover is 46.1%, and when the wind speed is 20 m/s, the maximum concentration difference caused by cloud cover is 38.9%.
- (5)
- When the wind speed is determined and the cloud cover increases from 1 to 10, the range of the maximum concentration difference is approximately between 35.7% and 53.5%.
- (6)
- Therefore, the influence of wind speed parameters on the maximum concentration of radionuclides in offshore floating nuclear power plants is greater than that of cloud cover parameters.
3.2.3. Sensitivity Analysis of Temperature and Meteorological Parameters
- (1)
- When the pressure is 1000 hpa, the ambient temperature is from −20 °C to 20 °C, and the ambient temperature is 20 °C, the radionuclide concentration reaches the maximum value of 1.43 × 10−5 Bq/m3, and the lowest radionuclide concentration is 1.17 × 10−5 Bq/m3 when the ambient temperature is 20 °C. The difference between the two is 22.4%. According to the investigation of meteorological data, the annual average ambient temperature change is generally less than 1 °C, and the annual average ambient temperature change in a few extreme areas is also less than 5 °C. Therefore, in the above ambient temperature range, when the ambient temperature changes by 5 °C, the effect on the change of radionuclide concentration is 2.8%, and when the temperature change is 1 °C, the effect on the change of radionuclide concentration is 0.56%. When the air pressure is 1100 hpa and 900 hpa, the maximum difference of radioactivity concentration in the abovementioned ambient temperature range is 23.4% and 22.8%, respectively.
- (2)
- In the range of ambient temperature from 20 °C to 40 °C, the maximum radionuclide concentration is 1.27 × 10−5 Bq/m3 when the ambient temperature is 40 °C, and the lowest when the ambient temperature is 20 °C. The difference between the two is 8.9%. Therefore, when the ambient temperature changes by 5 °C, the effect on the change of radionuclide concentration is 2.22%, and when the temperature change is 1 °C, the effect on the change of radionuclide concentration is 0.45%. When the air pressure is 1100 hpa and 900 hpa, the maximum difference of radioactivity concentration in the above ambient temperature range is 8.9% and 7.8%, respectively.
- (3)
- The difference of the maximum concentration of radionuclides caused by ambient temperature under the pressure of 900 hpa, 1000 hpa and 1100 hpa ranges from 7.8% to 23.4%.
3.2.4. Sensitivity Analysis of Barometric Meteorological Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Hypothetical Scenario | Average Hourly Concentration (Bq/s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time/h | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Power supply condition | 1.22 × 10−5 | 3.04 × 10−5 | 4.18 × 10−5 | 5.14 × 10−5 | 4.41 × 10−5 | 9.35 × 10−6 |
Sailing conditions | 1.53 × 10−5 | 3.27 × 10−5 | 3.40 × 10−5 | 4.16 × 10−5 | 3.33 × 10−5 | 1.29 × 10−5 |
Hypothetical Scenario | Hourly Peak Concentration (Bq/s) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time/h | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Power supply condition | 1.63 × 10−2 | 1.57 × 10−2 | 1.34 × 10−2 | 8.10 × 10−3 | 6.87 × 10−3 | 3.57 × 10−4 |
Sailing conditions | 1.44 × 10−2 | 1.46 × 10−2 | 9.19 × 10−3 | 6.77 × 10−3 | 5.80 × 10−3 | 5.19 × 10−4 |
The Serial Number | Wind Speed (m/s) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 5 | 7.5 | 10 | 12.5 | 15 | 17.5 | 20 | ||
cloud cover | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
2 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | |
3 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | |
4 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | |
7 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | |
8 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | |
9 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | |
10 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 |
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Huang, Y.; Song, X.; Zou, S.; Xu, S.; Zhao, F.; Liu, N. Study on the Atmospheric Diffusion of Airborne Radionuclide under LOCA of Offshore Floating Nuclear Power Plants Based on CALPUFF. Sustainability 2023, 15, 2572. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032572
Huang Y, Song X, Zou S, Xu S, Zhao F, Liu N. Study on the Atmospheric Diffusion of Airborne Radionuclide under LOCA of Offshore Floating Nuclear Power Plants Based on CALPUFF. Sustainability. 2023; 15(3):2572. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032572
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Yan, Xiaoming Song, Shuliang Zou, Shoulong Xu, Fang Zhao, and Na Liu. 2023. "Study on the Atmospheric Diffusion of Airborne Radionuclide under LOCA of Offshore Floating Nuclear Power Plants Based on CALPUFF" Sustainability 15, no. 3: 2572. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032572