The Role of Green Recruitment on Organizational Sustainability Performance: A Study within the Context of Green Human Resource Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Green Recruitment (GR)
2.2. Organizational Sustainability Performance (OSP)
2.3. Green Recruitment and Organizational Sustainability Performance
2.4. Theoretical Exposition
2.5. Literature Roundup and Contribution
3. Methodology
3.1. Role of MCDM in GR Context
3.2. Data Collection Procedure
3.3. Selection and Validation of Factors
3.4. Case Study
3.5. Solution Methodology
3.5.1. ISM Method
3.5.2. DEMATEL Method
4. Analysis of Results
4.1. ISM Analysis
4.1.1. Development of Structural Self-Interaction Matrix
4.1.2. Reachability Matrix
4.1.3. Level Partitions
4.1.4. Building ISM Model
4.1.5. MICMAC Analysis
4.2. DEMATEL Analysis
5. Discussions and Implications
5.1. Performing ISM
5.1.1. ISM Level 8
5.1.2. ISM Level 7
5.1.3. ISM Level 6
5.1.4. ISM Level 5
5.1.5. ISM Level 4
5.1.6. ISM Level 3
5.1.7. ISM Level 2
5.1.8. ISM Level 1
5.2. Performing DEMATEL
Most Influencing Cause-and-Effect Factor
5.3. Overlapping of Factors in ISM and DEMATEL
5.4. Contribution to Theory
5.5. Practical Implications and Managerial Implications
6. Conclusions
Limitation and Future Direction
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DEMATEL | Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory |
ESG | Environmental, Social, and Governance |
GHRM | Green Human Resource Management |
GR | Green Recruitment |
HRM | Human Resource Management |
ISM | Interpretive Structural Modeling |
MCDM | Multiple Criteria Decision Making |
MICMAC | Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification |
OSP | Organizational Sustainability Performance |
RBV | Resource-Based View |
SEE | Social, Environmental, and Ethical |
SSIM | Structural Self-Interaction Matrix |
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Code | Factor | Factor Description | References |
---|---|---|---|
F1 | Effective Performance | Effective performance is achieving the specific results required by the work through particular activities while sustaining or being persistent with the organization’s environmental policies, processes, and conditions. The recruitment process could support organizations in delivering effective performance with an environmental performance by making sure that newly recruited workers are aware of the organization’s ecological values, and they can uphold the organization’s green standards. | [51,52,53] |
F2 | Green Awareness | The green awareness of applicants is a fundamental characteristic of green recruitment and selection. It includes behavioral factors that enable the accomplishment of corporate ecological goals, such as the green awareness, dedication, and acceptability of candidates. | [16,54] |
F3 | Attracting New Talent | Organizations have now started acknowledging that an effective strategy to attract new talent is gaining a reputation as a green employer. To attract highly skilled workers, German companies like Siemens and Bayer used their green images and eco-friendly activities. | [16,52] |
F4 | Corporate Reputation | The social concept, based on the perceptions of stakeholders, is called reputation. Many types of research prove that a job seeker’s option to join and pursue a particular career strongly relies on the corporate image in terms of environmental policy and environmental security. | [53,55,56,57] |
F5 | Job Advertisements | A job advertisement is a notice in a publication on a company’s website or on a career portal that declares a vacancy in a company calling for suitable candidates to apply for the role. In order to attract ecologically anxious candidates for job vacancies, certain environmental values can be expressed in the advertisement of organizations. Some organizations also express their desire in the job advertisement to recruit applicants who have the capabilities and attitudes to contribute to firm’s environmental management initiatives, too. | [58,59] |
F6 | Green Job Description | The job description is a representation of the tasks and responsibilities involved. It further describes the role of a job in the organization and clarifies its importance to accomplish operational and departmental objectives. Green job descriptions have now been included by many organizations in their recruitment agendas with environmental aspects. This evidence concludes that green recruitment plays a big role in making one organization different from others and increasing more chances for firms to invite and retain talented applicants after induction. | [14,60] |
F7 | Corporate Website | The company website reflects the corporation’s goals, objectives, and activities, and plays an essential role in presenting itself to internal and external stakeholders of the enterprise. The content provided on a corporate website can serve to minimize any misperception by offering descriptions about an organization’s work openings and its terms. An organization’s websites are a reliable and effective tool which can be used to recruit qualified candidates. | [14,60] |
F8 | Minimizing Environmental Impact | Green recruiting may be considered a paper-free recruiting method with a limited effect on the climate. Through online media such as online application forms, e-mail, and the global talent pool, applications are invited. | [61] |
F9 | Employees’ Environmental Beliefs | Organizations choose environmentally conscious workers who improve the business’s productivity and gain advantages in the overall environment. Job seekers are training themselves in compliance with green culture requirements and are trying to own the expertise that is essential as green employees. | [53,57,62] |
F10 | Triple Bottom Line Principle | Triple bottom line methodology interprets companies’ potential to grow sustainably, not only relying on the economic (profitability) approach but also taking into consideration the environmental and social influences of their operations. In this sense, the success of corporate sustainability is a multidisciplinary process that needs to be handled through a complex framework that covers various and often contradictory issues and stakeholders. | [63] |
F11 | Human Capital | Human capital is described as productive resources embodied in labor, knowledge, and “skills” that includes any stock of knowledge, inherited, or learned characteristics that an individual possesses. These characteristics and expertise play a significant role in an individual’s economic productivity and organizational performance. | [29,64] |
F12 | Ethical Environment | Ethical environment can be characterized as employees’ mutual understanding of what ethically appropriate behavior is and how to cope with ethical problems. It reflects how the rules and culture of an organization interact with an individual employee’s perspectives. Employees’ perception of the work environment plays an essential part in corporate performance. | [29,65] |
F13 | Organization’s Legitimacy | A growing number of businesses prefer to publish and address their performance and sustainability strategies. Companies are engaging in sustainability initiatives, including reporting on sustainability, to reinforce their legitimacy and improve repute. | [56,66] |
F14 | Economic Sustainability | Economic sustainability includes the commitment of businesses towards economic development and the elimination of society’s financial uncertainties. Sustainable companies have an economic impact on the community, like the creation of a job, local wages, and their involvement in local economic development. | [15,67] |
F15 | Environmental Sustainability | Environmental sustainability is about taking virtuous actions that would reduce the adverse environmental effects of an organization. Companies that are aware of environmental sustainability do not produce radiation that builds up in the atmosphere at rates above the systems’ natural capacity to absorb such emissions. | [15,68] |
F16 | Social Sustainability | Social sustainability refers to corporate attitudes concerning workers, suppliers, contractors, consumers, and general impacts on society other than their own corporate domains. Organizational sustainability is not all about only conducting business in a sustainable way but also about enhancing social sustainability through organizational practices. | [15,69] |
Category | Classification | No. of Experts |
---|---|---|
Educational Qualification | Bachelor | 2 |
Master | 7 | |
Ph.D. | 1 | |
Total: | 10 | |
Work Experience | Less than 5 Years | 3 |
5–10 Years | 4 | |
11–20 Years | 2 | |
More than 20 Years | 1 | |
Total: | 10 | |
Background | Chief Human Resource Officer (CHRO) | 1 |
Chief People Officer (CPO) | 1 | |
HOD (HR Compliance) | 1 | |
Senior Manager (HR) | 3 | |
HR Coordinator | 1 | |
HR Assistant | 3 | |
Total: | 10 |
i/j | Factors | F16 | F15 | F14 | F13 | F12 | F11 | F10 | F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | Effective Performance | V | V | V | V | V | V | O | V | V | V | V | O | O | A | V |
F2 | Green Awareness | V | V | V | V | V | O | O | V | V | V | O | X | O | O | |
F3 | Attracting New Talent | V | V | V | V | V | V | O | V | V | V | V | O | V | ||
F4 | Corporate Reputation | V | V | V | V | V | O | O | V | V | V | O | X | |||
F5 | Job Advertisements | O | V | V | O | V | V | V | V | V | V | A | ||||
F6 | Green Job Description | V | V | V | V | V | V | V | A | V | O | |||||
F7 | Corporate Website | V | V | V | O | A | X | X | V | A | ||||||
F8 | Minimizing Env. Impact | V | V | V | O | V | X | V | O | |||||||
F9 | Employees’ Env. Beliefs | V | V | V | V | A | X | O | ||||||||
F10 | Triple Bottom Line Principle | V | O | V | V | A | O | |||||||||
F11 | Human Capital | O | V | A | A | O | ||||||||||
F12 | Ethical Environment | V | X | O | O | |||||||||||
F13 | Organization’s Legitimacy | A | X | X | ||||||||||||
F14 | Economic Sustainability | V | O | |||||||||||||
F15 | Environmental Sustainability | O | ||||||||||||||
F16 | Social Sustainability |
i/j | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
F6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
F11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
F12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
F13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
F14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
F15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
F16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
i/j | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 | Driving Power |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
F2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
F3 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
F4 | 0 | 1 * | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
F5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 |
F6 | 0 | 1 * | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
F7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
F8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
F9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 |
F10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 8 |
F11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 11 |
F12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 9 |
F13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 * | 0 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 9 |
F14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 * | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 8 |
F15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 * | 0 | 1 * | 1 * | 1 * | 1 | 1 | 1 * | 1 | 1 * | 9 |
F16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Dependence Power | 2 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 173/173 |
Iteration Level I | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,3) | (1) | |
F2 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F3 | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (3) | (3) | |
F4 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F5 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,9) | (2,4,5,6,9) | |
F6 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,11) | (2,4,5,6,7,9,11) | |
F7 | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | |
F8 | (7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,14) | (7,8,9,11,13,14) | |
F9 | (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | |
F10 | (7,9,10,11,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15) | (7,9,10,11,15) | |
F11 | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | |
F12 | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,15) | (7,9,11,12,13,15) | |
F13 | (7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15) | |
F14 | (7,8,9,11,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,8,9,11,13,14,15) | |
F15 | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | |
F16 | (16) | (1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (16) | I |
Iteration Level II | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,3) | (1) | |
F2 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F3 | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (3) | (3) | |
F4 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F5 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,9) | (2,4,5,6,9) | |
F6 | (2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,11) | (2,4,5,6,7,9,11) | |
F7 | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F8 | (7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,14) | (7,8,9,11,13,14) | |
F9 | (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F10 | (7,9,10,11,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15) | (7,9,10,11,15) | |
F11 | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F12 | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15) | (7,9,11,12,13,15) | |
F13 | (7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F14 | (7,8,9,11,13,14,15,) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,8,9,11,13,14,15) | II |
F15 | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
Iteration Level III | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1,2,5,6,8,10,12) | (1,3) | (1) | |
F2 | (2,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F3 | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (3) | (3) | |
F4 | (2,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F5 | (2,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F6 | (2,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F8 | (8,10,12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) | (8) | |
F10 | (10) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (10) | III |
F12 | (10,12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (12) | |
Iteration Level IV | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1,2,5,6,8) | (1,3) | (1) | |
F2 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F3 | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) | (3) | (3) | |
F4 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F5 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F6 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F8 | (8,12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) | (8) | |
F12 | (12) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (12) | IV |
Iteration Level V | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1,2,5,6,8) | (1,3) | (1) | |
F2 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F3 | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) | (3) | (3) | |
F4 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F5 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F6 | (2,4,5,6,8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | |
F8 | (8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) | (8) | V |
Iteration Level VI | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1,2,5,6) | (1,3) | (1) | |
F2 | (2,4,5,6) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F3 | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (3) | (3) | |
F4 | (2,4,5,6) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F5 | (2,4,5,6) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F6 | (2,4,5,6) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
Iteration Level VII | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F1 | (1) | (1,3) | (1) | VII |
F3 | (1,3) | (3) | (3) | |
Iteration Level VIII | ||||
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
F3 | (3) | (3) | (3) | VIII |
Code | Reachability Set | Antecedents Set | Intersection Set | Level |
---|---|---|---|---|
F3 | (3) | (3) | (3) | VIII |
F1 | (1) | (1,3) | (1) | VII |
F2 | (2,4,5,6) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F4 | (2,4,5,6) | (2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F5 | (2,4,5,6) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F6 | (2,4,5,6) | (1,2,3,4,5,6) | (2,4,5,6) | VI |
F8 | (8) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) | (8) | V |
F12 | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15) | (7,9,10,11,12,13,15) | IV |
F10 | (10) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12) | (10) | III |
F9 | (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F11 | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F13 | (7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F14 | (7,8,9,11,13,14,15,) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,8,9,11,13,14,15) | II |
F15 | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F7 | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) | II |
F16 | (16) | (1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) | (16) | I |
i/j | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 | Sum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 35 |
F2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 32 |
F3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 33 |
F4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 42 |
F5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 34 |
F6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 35 |
F7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 36 |
F8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 32 |
F9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 36 |
F10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 33 |
F11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 40 |
F12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 36 |
F13 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 36 |
F14 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 43 |
F15 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 36 |
F16 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 26 |
0 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 |
0.0465 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 |
0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0233 |
0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 |
0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 |
0.0465 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0233 | 0 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 |
0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 |
0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 |
0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0 | 0.0930 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 |
0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 |
0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0233 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 |
0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 |
0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0930 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 |
0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0930 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 |
0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0 | 0.0465 | 0.0930 | 0.0930 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0930 |
0.0465 | 0.0465 | 0 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0465 | 0.0233 | 0.0233 | 0.0698 | 0.0698 | 0.0465 | 0.0698 | 0.0233 | 0 |
1.2434 | 0.2941 | 0.2132 | 0.364 | 0.2603 | 0.3001 | 0.2426 | 0.2883 | 0.3374 | 0.3727 | 0.2932 | 0.2923 | 0.3347 | 0.286 | 0.2925 | 0.2532 |
0.2671 | 1.2154 | 0.1999 | 0.2939 | 0.2624 | 0.2174 | 0.2215 | 0.2486 | 0.2724 | 0.3668 | 0.255 | 0.2511 | 0.2886 | 0.3434 | 0.2841 | 0.277 |
0.2734 | 0.2841 | 1.1666 | 0.3288 | 0.2903 | 0.2871 | 0.2512 | 0.3012 | 0.279 | 0.3557 | 0.2354 | 0.217 | 0.3371 | 0.3261 | 0.2288 | 0.2364 |
0.3563 | 0.3226 | 0.2727 | 1.332 | 0.3038 | 0.3452 | 0.3255 | 0.3761 | 0.3453 | 0.4112 | 0.3403 | 0.3341 | 0.4096 | 0.4175 | 0.356 | 0.3167 |
0.2728 | 0.2808 | 0.2273 | 0.3094 | 1.2025 | 0.3063 | 0.2519 | 0.2972 | 0.2798 | 0.3552 | 0.2172 | 0.2595 | 0.337 | 0.2868 | 0.2508 | 0.2793 |
0.2921 | 0.2377 | 0.2185 | 0.3679 | 0.2421 | 1.2409 | 0.2908 | 0.2931 | 0.321 | 0.3769 | 0.2801 | 0.2963 | 0.3808 | 0.3286 | 0.3133 | 0.2554 |
0.2755 | 0.3069 | 0.2659 | 0.3532 | 0.2714 | 0.2855 | 1.2246 | 0.322 | 0.3466 | 0.3629 | 0.3209 | 0.2759 | 0.324 | 0.36 | 0.2776 | 0.2593 |
0.29 | 0.2383 | 0.2043 | 0.3402 | 0.242 | 0.2414 | 0.2467 | 1.2258 | 0.2739 | 0.3469 | 0.2374 | 0.2312 | 0.3081 | 0.2997 | 0.3074 | 0.2548 |
0.2972 | 0.2834 | 0.178 | 0.3487 | 0.2431 | 0.2634 | 0.2713 | 0.3376 | 1.2581 | 0.4042 | 0.2641 | 0.3002 | 0.3623 | 0.3749 | 0.3395 | 0.2831 |
0.2774 | 0.2438 | 0.1666 | 0.3115 | 0.2274 | 0.2872 | 0.2745 | 0.3197 | 0.2845 | 1.2926 | 0.2651 | 0.2633 | 0.3618 | 0.3505 | 0.258 | 0.2614 |
0.3433 | 0.3325 | 0.2194 | 0.3787 | 0.3314 | 0.3334 | 0.2716 | 0.2991 | 0.348 | 0.3956 | 1.2621 | 0.2843 | 0.414 | 0.3999 | 0.3616 | 0.3286 |
0.2967 | 0.2652 | 0.1763 | 0.3285 | 0.2642 | 0.2868 | 0.2713 | 0.2747 | 0.3446 | 0.3841 | 0.2853 | 1.2379 | 0.3856 | 0.3742 | 0.3383 | 0.3049 |
0.3104 | 0.2989 | 0.1971 | 0.3462 | 0.283 | 0.3044 | 0.2869 | 0.2699 | 0.2791 | 0.3948 | 0.2793 | 0.2972 | 1.2923 | 0.3077 | 0.2892 | 0.2977 |
0.3586 | 0.3654 | 0.2697 | 0.3791 | 0.3064 | 0.3251 | 0.3064 | 0.3789 | 0.3664 | 0.4572 | 0.3399 | 0.3369 | 0.4329 | 1.3371 | 0.3383 | 0.3208 |
0.3099 | 0.3017 | 0.2161 | 0.3045 | 0.2633 | 0.3029 | 0.284 | 0.2481 | 0.2987 | 0.3942 | 0.3216 | 0.2534 | 0.3366 | 0.3288 | 1.2424 | 0.3177 |
0.2328 | 0.2234 | 0.1329 | 0.2776 | 0.1898 | 0.202 | 0.1888 | 0.2295 | 0.2169 | 0.258 | 0.2438 | 0.2412 | 0.2669 | 0.2811 | 0.2142 | 1.1776 |
Code | Ri | Ci | Ri + Ci | Ri − Ci | Identify | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 4.66792 | 4.69686 | 9.36478 | −0.0289 | Effect | 8 |
F2 | 4.26455 | 4.49426 | 8.75881 | −0.2297 | Effect | 13 |
F3 | 4.3978 | 3.32423 | 7.72203 | 1.07357 | Cause | 16 |
F4 | 5.56476 | 5.36418 | 10.9289 | 0.20058 | Cause | 2 |
F5 | 4.41367 | 4.18334 | 8.59701 | 0.23033 | Cause | 14 |
F6 | 4.73545 | 4.52887 | 9.26432 | 0.20657 | Cause | 9 |
F7 | 4.83204 | 4.20929 | 9.04132 | 0.62275 | Cause | 11 |
F8 | 4.28792 | 4.70968 | 8.9976 | −0.4218 | Effect | 12 |
F9 | 4.80909 | 4.85154 | 9.66062 | −0.0424 | Effect | 6 |
F10 | 4.44531 | 5.92894 | 10.3743 | −1.4836 | Effect | 3 |
F11 | 5.30335 | 4.44054 | 9.74389 | 0.8628 | Cause | 5 |
F12 | 4.81852 | 4.37193 | 9.19045 | 0.44659 | Cause | 10 |
F13 | 4.73417 | 5.57227 | 10.3064 | −0.8381 | Effect | 4 |
F14 | 5.61885 | 5.40219 | 11.021 | 0.21666 | Cause | 1 |
F15 | 4.72397 | 4.69174 | 9.4157 | 0.03223 | Cause | 7 |
F16 | 3.5764 | 4.42387 | 8.00026 | −0.8475 | Effect | 15 |
0.2434 | 0.2941 | 0.2132 | 0.3640 | 0.2603 | 0.3001 | 0.2426 | 0.2883 | 0.3374 | 0.3727 | 0.2932 | 0.2923 | 0.3347 | 0.2860 | 0.2925 | 0.2533 |
0.2671 | 0.2154 | 0.1999 | 0.2939 | 0.2624 | 0.2174 | 0.2215 | 0.2486 | 0.2724 | 0.3668 | 0.2550 | 0.2511 | 0.2886 | 0.3434 | 0.2841 | 0.2770 |
0.2734 | 0.2841 | 0.1666 | 0.3288 | 0.2903 | 0.2871 | 0.2512 | 0.3012 | 0.2790 | 0.3557 | 0.2354 | 0.2170 | 0.3371 | 0.3261 | 0.2288 | 0.2364 |
0.3563 | 0.3226 | 0.2727 | 0.3320 | 0.3038 | 0.3452 | 0.3255 | 0.3761 | 0.3453 | 0.4112 | 0.3403 | 0.3341 | 0.4096 | 0.4175 | 0.3560 | 0.3167 |
0.2728 | 0.2808 | 0.2273 | 0.3094 | 0.2025 | 0.3063 | 0.2519 | 0.2972 | 0.2798 | 0.3552 | 0.2172 | 0.2595 | 0.3370 | 0.2868 | 0.2508 | 0.2793 |
0.2921 | 0.2377 | 0.2185 | 0.3679 | 0.2421 | 0.2409 | 0.2908 | 0.2931 | 0.3210 | 0.3769 | 0.2801 | 0.2963 | 0.3808 | 0.3286 | 0.3133 | 0.2554 |
0.2755 | 0.3069 | 0.2659 | 0.3532 | 0.2714 | 0.2855 | 0.2246 | 0.3220 | 0.3466 | 0.3629 | 0.3209 | 0.2759 | 0.3240 | 0.3600 | 0.2776 | 0.2593 |
0.2900 | 0.2383 | 0.2043 | 0.3402 | 0.2420 | 0.2414 | 0.2467 | 0.2258 | 0.2739 | 0.3469 | 0.2374 | 0.2312 | 0.3081 | 0.2997 | 0.3074 | 0.2548 |
0.2972 | 0.2834 | 0.1780 | 0.3487 | 0.2431 | 0.2634 | 0.2713 | 0.3376 | 0.2581 | 0.4042 | 0.2641 | 0.3002 | 0.3623 | 0.3749 | 0.3395 | 0.2831 |
0.2774 | 0.2438 | 0.1666 | 0.3115 | 0.2274 | 0.2872 | 0.2745 | 0.3197 | 0.2845 | 0.2926 | 0.2651 | 0.2633 | 0.3618 | 0.3505 | 0.2580 | 0.2614 |
0.3433 | 0.3325 | 0.2194 | 0.3787 | 0.3314 | 0.3334 | 0.2716 | 0.2991 | 0.3480 | 0.3956 | 0.2621 | 0.2843 | 0.4140 | 0.3999 | 0.3616 | 0.3286 |
0.2967 | 0.2652 | 0.1763 | 0.3285 | 0.2642 | 0.2868 | 0.2713 | 0.2747 | 0.3446 | 0.3841 | 0.2853 | 0.2379 | 0.3856 | 0.3742 | 0.3383 | 0.3049 |
0.3104 | 0.2989 | 0.1971 | 0.3462 | 0.2830 | 0.3044 | 0.2869 | 0.2699 | 0.2791 | 0.3948 | 0.2793 | 0.2972 | 0.2923 | 0.3077 | 0.2892 | 0.2978 |
0.3586 | 0.3654 | 0.2697 | 0.3791 | 0.3064 | 0.3251 | 0.3064 | 0.3789 | 0.3664 | 0.4572 | 0.3399 | 0.3369 | 0.4329 | 0.3371 | 0.3383 | 0.3208 |
0.3099 | 0.3017 | 0.2161 | 0.3045 | 0.2633 | 0.3029 | 0.2840 | 0.2481 | 0.2987 | 0.3942 | 0.3216 | 0.2534 | 0.3366 | 0.3288 | 0.2424 | 0.3177 |
0.2328 | 0.2234 | 0.1329 | 0.2776 | 0.1898 | 0.2020 | 0.1888 | 0.2295 | 0.2169 | 0.2580 | 0.2438 | 0.2412 | 0.2669 | 0.2811 | 0.2142 | 0.1776 |
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Jamil, S.; Zaman, S.I.; Kayikci, Y.; Khan, S.A. The Role of Green Recruitment on Organizational Sustainability Performance: A Study within the Context of Green Human Resource Management. Sustainability 2023, 15, 15567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115567
Jamil S, Zaman SI, Kayikci Y, Khan SA. The Role of Green Recruitment on Organizational Sustainability Performance: A Study within the Context of Green Human Resource Management. Sustainability. 2023; 15(21):15567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115567
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamil, Sobia, Syed Imran Zaman, Yasanur Kayikci, and Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan. 2023. "The Role of Green Recruitment on Organizational Sustainability Performance: A Study within the Context of Green Human Resource Management" Sustainability 15, no. 21: 15567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115567
APA StyleJamil, S., Zaman, S. I., Kayikci, Y., & Khan, S. A. (2023). The Role of Green Recruitment on Organizational Sustainability Performance: A Study within the Context of Green Human Resource Management. Sustainability, 15(21), 15567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115567