Sustainability of Taiwanese SME Family Businesses in the Succession Decision-Making Agenda
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Related Theories
2.2. Influential Factors
2.2.1. Individual Factors
2.2.2. Interpersonal Factors
2.2.3. Organizational Factors
2.2.4. Environmental Factors
3. Methodology
3.1. Two-Round Delphi Method
3.2. DEMATEL Method
3.3. Importance–Performance Analysis
4. Analysis and Results
4.1. Findings Result of Delphi Method
4.2. Findings Result of DEMATEL Method
4.3. Findings Result of IPA
5. Conclusions
5.1. Discussion
5.2. Theoretical Implication
5.3. Suggestions
5.4. Limitationand Future. Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Expert | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | QDS1 | Avg | Sum | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0.375 | 4.7 | 56 | 5 |
A2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3.8 | 46 | 19 |
A3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 0.625 | 4.3 | 52 | 9 |
A4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0.25 | 5.2 | 62 | 1 |
A5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0.25 | 4.9 | 59 | 3 |
A6 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3.0 | 36 | 27 |
A7 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 0.625 | 3.6 | 43 | 23 |
A8 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0.25 | 3.2 | 38 | 26 |
B1 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0.375 | 4.5 | 54 | 7 |
B2 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0.25 | 5.0 | 60 | 2 |
B3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 0.75 | 4.0 | 48 | 16 |
B4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 0.75 | 4.2 | 50 | 13 |
B5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0.5 | 4.6 | 55 | 6 |
B6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 53 | 8 |
C1 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0.375 | 4.8 | 58 | 4 |
C2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 0.625 | 3.8 | 46 | 19 |
C3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0.375 | 3.9 | 47 | 18 |
C4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0.375 | 4.2 | 50 | 13 |
C5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0.25 | 4.3 | 51 | 12 |
C6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 45 | 21 |
C7 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0.375 | 4.3 | 52 | 9 |
D1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0.75 | 3.4 | 41 | 25 |
D2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 52 | 9 |
D3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0.875 | 4.0 | 48 | 16 |
D4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 0.375 | 4.2 | 50 | 13 |
D5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0.625 | 3.8 | 45 | 21 |
D6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0.625 | 3.6 | 43 | 23 |
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.87 | 0.80 | 1.53 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 0.53 | 1.13 | 0.60 | 0.87 | 1.20 | 0.47 | 0.60 |
F2 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 1.87 | 1.20 | 1.93 | 1.53 | 1.40 | 1.73 | 1.27 | 1.60 | 0.73 | 1.07 | 1.60 | 1.80 | 1.67 |
F3 | 1.73 | 1.67 | 0.00 | 1.53 | 1.33 | 0.87 | 1.67 | 1.53 | 1.73 | 1.53 | 1.80 | 1.60 | 2.00 | 2.47 | 2.27 |
F4 | 2.80 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 2.60 | 2.20 | 2.40 | 1.40 | 2.47 | 1.47 | 1.33 | 1.80 | 1.73 | 1.87 |
F5 | 1.47 | 1.67 | 0.93 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 2.20 | 1.07 | 2.20 | 0.87 | 1.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 1.53 | 0.60 | 0.87 |
B6 | 1.53 | 1.73 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 2.13 | 0.00 | 0.87 | 2.27 | 0.67 | 1.53 | 0.60 | 0.27 | 1.13 | 0.33 | 0.47 |
F7 | 2.53 | 1.93 | 2.67 | 3.07 | 1.93 | 1.60 | 0.00 | 1.73 | 1.27 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 1.87 | 1.93 | 2.33 | 2.33 |
F8 | 1.53 | 1.73 | 1.60 | 1.67 | 1.80 | 2.27 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.93 | 1.07 | 1.40 | 1.20 | 0.73 | 0.60 |
F9 | 2.07 | 1.47 | 1.47 | 2.40 | 1.47 | 1.13 | 1.27 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 1.93 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 1.33 | 2.47 | 2.67 |
F10 | 1.93 | 0.80 | 2.07 | 1.27 | 1.13 | 1.47 | 0.73 | 0.67 | 1.47 | 0.00 | 1.20 | 2.07 | 1.53 | 2.73 | 3.33 |
F11 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 1.13 | 0.87 | 0.73 | 0.53 | 0.73 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 1.27 | 2.20 | 1.73 |
F12 | 2.33 | 1.33 | 1.80 | 1.73 | 1.40 | 0.40 | 1.73 | 1.27 | 0.60 | 2.20 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 1.20 | 2.40 | 2.60 |
F13 | 3.07 | 2.73 | 2.67 | 2.93 | 2.53 | 1.93 | 2.40 | 2.13 | 1.47 | 2.67 | 2.53 | 1.93 | 0.00 | 2.53 | 3.20 |
F14 | 1.67 | 0.80 | 2.27 | 1.93 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.93 | 2.60 | 2.13 | 2.20 | 1.40 | 0.00 | 2.87 |
F15 | 1.53 | 0.60 | 2.80 | 1.73 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 1.33 | 2.93 | 1.67 | 2.27 | 1.33 | 2.73 | 0.00 |
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 | S11 | S12 | S13 | S14 | S15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 2.13 | 3.20 | 2.73 | 2.73 | 2.87 | 2.80 | 1.40 | 2.60 | 1.93 | 2.13 | 2.60 | 1.60 | 1.93 |
S2 | 2.33 | 0.00 | 3.40 | 3.13 | 2.80 | 1.93 | 2.67 | 2.93 | 1.60 | 2.20 | 1.47 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 2.60 | 2.47 |
S3 | 1.80 | 2.67 | 0.00 | 2.87 | 2.07 | 1.40 | 1.87 | 1.80 | 2.20 | 2.93 | 2.07 | 2.67 | 2.33 | 2.47 | 2.73 |
S4 | 3.20 | 3.80 | 3.53 | 0.00 | 3.40 | 3.47 | 3.27 | 2.60 | 1.60 | 3.80 | 1.73 | 3.07 | 3.53 | 2.33 | 2.73 |
S5 | 2.67 | 2.93 | 2.60 | 3.20 | 0.00 | 3.07 | 2.47 | 2.80 | 1.40 | 2.47 | 1.13 | 1.80 | 2.60 | 1.27 | 1.27 |
S6 | 2.47 | 3.07 | 3.13 | 2.07 | 2.53 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 2.93 | 1.07 | 2.13 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 2.07 | 0.47 | 1.00 |
S7 | 2.80 | 3.13 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 2.27 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 2.33 | 1.40 | 3.47 | 2.80 | 3.07 | 3.47 | 2.60 | 2.80 |
S8 | 2.00 | 2.73 | 2.60 | 2.47 | 2.60 | 2.67 | 2.20 | 0.00 | 0.53 | 2.20 | 1.73 | 2.80 | 2.93 | 1.53 | 1.73 |
S9 | 2.13 | 2.60 | 2.00 | 2.60 | 2.33 | 1.40 | 1.87 | 1.87 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 1.07 | 1.53 | 2.33 | 2.53 | 2.87 |
S10 | 2.40 | 1.87 | 3.33 | 2.93 | 1.60 | 1.73 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 0.00 | 1.73 | 2.73 | 3.33 | 3.13 | 3.33 |
S11 | 1.67 | 1.47 | 2.00 | 1.67 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 1.60 | 1.80 | 1.20 | 2.07 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.73 | 2.87 |
S12 | 2.67 | 2.73 | 3.47 | 3.20 | 2.60 | 1.93 | 2.87 | 2.67 | 1.40 | 3.40 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 3.40 | 3.27 | 3.33 |
S13 | 3.53 | 3.00 | 3.53 | 3.53 | 3.00 | 2.60 | 3.13 | 2.73 | 1.20 | 3.33 | 3.13 | 3.07 | 0.00 | 2.80 | 3.27 |
S14 | 2.67 | 1.33 | 3.47 | 2.93 | 1.27 | 0.67 | 1.53 | 0.53 | 2.07 | 2.87 | 2.67 | 2.67 | 2.40 | 0.00 | 3.60 |
S15 | 1.60 | 1.20 | 3.00 | 2.53 | 0.93 | 0.73 | 1.53 | 0.53 | 1.87 | 3.00 | 2.53 | 2.73 | 2.60 | 3.47 | 0.00 |
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
F2 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
F3 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
F4 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
F5 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
B6 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
F7 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
F8 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
F9 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
F10 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.18 |
F11 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
F12 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
F13 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
F14 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
F15 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.09 |
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 | S11 | S12 | S13 | S14 | S15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.27 |
S2 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
S3 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.29 |
S4 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
S5 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
S6 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.21 |
S7 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.31 | 0.33 |
S8 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.26 |
S9 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.27 |
S10 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
S11 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
S12 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.35 |
S13 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.36 |
S14 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.30 |
S15 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.21 |
Di | Ri | Pi | Ei | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | Incumbent’s age and health condition | 0.9592 | 2.0348 | 2.9940 | −1.0756 |
A3 | Incumbent’s satisfaction with their successor | 1.6133 | 1.4903 | 3.1036 | 0.1229 |
A4 | Successor’s competence | 1.8113 | 1.8483 | 3.6596 | 0.0370 |
A5 | Successor’s willingness | 2.1189 | 1.7388 | 3.8577 | −0.3800 |
B1 | Relationship between generation | 1.2827 | 1.5374 | 2.8201 | −0.2546 |
B2 | Family harmony | 1.0849 | 1.3945 | 2.4794 | −0.3097 |
B4 | Management transfer | 2.2383 | 1.2964 | 3.5347 | 0.9418 |
B5 | Conflict management | 1.3484 | 1.4396 | 2.7880 | −0.0912 |
B6 | Founder social capital | 1.6537 | 1.1305 | 2.7842 | 0.5232 |
C1 | Profitability and financial situation | 1.6888 | 2.0482 | 3.7371 | −0.3594 |
C4 | Complexity of the organization | 1.2472 | 1.4816 | 2.7288 | −0.2344 |
C5 | Senior managers | 1.7380 | 1.5533 | 3.2914 | 0.1847 |
C7 | Succession plan | 2.5708 | 1.5580 | 4.1287 | 1.0128 |
D2 | Industrial science and technology changes | 1.5601 | 1.9324 | 3.4925 | −0.3723 |
D4 | Industrial life-cycle | 1.6143 | 2.0457 | 3.6600 | −0.4313 |
D | R | Pi | Ei | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | Incumbent’s age and health condition | 3.9717 | 4.0987 | 8.0704 | −0.1271 |
A3 | Incumbent’s satisfaction with their successor | 4.2632 | 4.1480 | 8.4112 | 0.1151 |
A4 | Successor’s competence | 3.8711 | 4.9527 | 8.8238 | −1.0816 |
A5 | Successor’s willingness | 5.0413 | 4.7603 | 9.8017 | 0.2810 |
B1 | Relationship between generation | 3.8721 | 3.7622 | 7.6343 | 0.1099 |
B2 | Family harmony | 3.3124 | 3.3373 | 6.6497 | −0.0249 |
B4 | Management transfer | 4.6465 | 3.9592 | 8.6056 | 0.6873 |
B5 | Conflict management | 3.7657 | 3.7079 | 7.4735 | 0.0578 |
B6 | Founder social capital | 3.5944 | 2.6308 | 6.2252 | 0.9636 |
C1 | Profitability and financial situation | 4.2484 | 4.6902 | 8.9386 | −0.4418 |
C4 | Complexity of the organization | 3.1455 | 3.4235 | 6.5690 | −0.2781 |
C5 | Senior managers | 4.7817 | 4.2118 | 8.9935 | 0.5699 |
C7 | Succession plan | 4.9918 | 4.6580 | 9.6498 | 0.3338 |
D2 | Industrial science and technology changes | 3.7224 | 4.0023 | 7.7247 | −0.2799 |
D4 | Industrial life-cycle | 3.463 | 4.348 | 7.811 | −0.885 |
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Lee, C.-W.; Chen, H.C.; Peng, C.L.; Chen, S.H. Sustainability of Taiwanese SME Family Businesses in the Succession Decision-Making Agenda. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021237
Lee C-W, Chen HC, Peng CL, Chen SH. Sustainability of Taiwanese SME Family Businesses in the Succession Decision-Making Agenda. Sustainability. 2023; 15(2):1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021237
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Cheng-Wen, Hsiao Chuan Chen, Choong Leng Peng, and Shu Hui Chen. 2023. "Sustainability of Taiwanese SME Family Businesses in the Succession Decision-Making Agenda" Sustainability 15, no. 2: 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021237