Exploring the Determinants of Travelers’ Intention to Use the Airport Biometric System: A Korean Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Airport Biometric Technology
2.2. Further Related Research
2.3. Theoretical Backgrounds and Hypotheses Developments
2.3.1. Technology Acceptance Model
2.3.2. External Variables
2.3.3. Moderating Effect of Gender
3. Methodology
Data Collection and Analytical Method
4. Results
4.1. Measurement Model
4.2. Structural Model
4.3. Moderating Effect Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. Impact of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use on the Intention to Use the Airport Biometric System
5.2. Impact of External Variables on the Intention to Use the Airport Biometric System
5.3. Variables with Potential Negative Impact
6. Conclusions
6.1. Practical and Academic Implications
6.2. Future Works
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Construct | Item | Mean | Standard Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived Usefulness | PU1 | 3.859 | 1.085 | −0.687 | −0.326 |
PU2 | 3.816 | 1.086 | −0.662 | −0.308 | |
PU3 | 3.874 | 1.056 | −0.634 | −0.427 | |
Perceived Ease of use | PEOU1 | 3.439 | 1.091 | −0.162 | −0.698 |
PEOU2 | 3.339 | 1.082 | −0.116 | −0.733 | |
PEOU3 | 3.318 | 1.102 | −0.167 | −0.642 | |
Technology Familiarity | TF1 | 3.000 | 1.003 | 0.225 | −0.239 |
TF2 | 3.033 | 1.076 | 0.068 | −0.570 | |
TF3 | 3.091 | 1.096 | −0.032 | −0.773 | |
Social Influence | SI1 | 3.053 | 1.395 | 0.049 | −1.305 |
SI2 | 2.733 | 1.145 | 0.403 | −0.642 | |
SI3 | 2.790 | 1.234 | 0.156 | −0.955 | |
Trust in Information Protection | TIP1 | 2.967 | 1.126 | 0.100 | −0.721 |
TIP2 | 3.207 | 1.052 | −0.198 | −0.601 | |
TIP3 | 3.072 | 1.168 | 0.034 | −0.885 | |
Behavioral Intention | BI1 | 3.547 | 1.099 | −0.334 | −0.696 |
BI2 | 3.373 | 1.110 | −0.374 | −0.470 | |
BI3 | 3.575 | 1.079 | −0.445 | −0.484 |
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Attribute | Subgroup Categories | Sample Size | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 291 | 50 |
Female | 290 | 50 | |
Age * | 20–29 | 147 | 25 |
30–39 | 162 | 28 | |
40–49 | 137 | 24 | |
≥50 | 135 | 23 | |
Purpose of travel | Leisure | 393 | 68 |
Business | 50 | 9 | |
Visit friends and relatives | 25 | 4 | |
Others | 113 | 19 | |
Education level | High school diploma or less | 102 | 18 |
Associate degree | 140 | 24 | |
Bachelor’s degree | 238 | 41 | |
Graduate degree | 101 | 17 | |
Occupation | Company employee | 135 | 23 |
Private business | 70 | 12 | |
Student | 105 | 18 | |
Professional | 87 | 15 | |
Housewife | 31 | 5 | |
Government employee | 71 | 12 | |
Others | 82 | 14 | |
Monthly income | Less than $1000 | 122 | 21 |
$1000–2000 | 91 | 16 | |
$2001–3000 | 148 | 25 | |
$3001–4000 | 121 | 21 | |
More than $4000 | 99 | 17 | |
Mainly used seat class | Economy class | 555 | 96 |
Business | 18 | 3 | |
First | 8 | 1 | |
Flying frequency/Year | Once or less | 184 | 32 |
Two or three times | 218 | 38 | |
Four or five times | 117 | 20 | |
Over six times | 62 | 11 |
Construct | Item | Factor Loading | AVE | Composite Reliability | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived Usefulness [18,55,59] | 1. Utilizing airport biometric technology will expedite my boarding process. | 0.916 | 0.820 | 0.932 | 0.930 |
2. I think that utilizing airport biometric technology improves the overall quality of the airport service process. | 0.912 | ||||
3. Overall, I think that utilizing airport biometric technology is useful | 0.889 | ||||
Perceived Ease of Use [18,55,59] | 1. I would find it easy to learn how to use the airport biometric technology. | 0.856 | 0.749 | 0.899 | 0.893 |
2. The airport biometric technology is user-friendly, especially during initial use. | 0.864 | ||||
3. Utilizing airport biometric technology does not demand significant effort. | 0.876 | ||||
Technology Familiarity [31,116] | 1. I am familiar with using airport biometric technology. | 0.903 | 0.778 | 0.913 | 0.878 |
2. I have the knowledge to use airport biometric technology. | 0.861 | ||||
3. I am experienced with airport biometric technology. | 0.882 | ||||
Social Influence [30,115] | 1. My friends or relatives would support my use of airport biometric technology. | 0.791 | 0.723 | 0.886 | 0.888 |
2. Those who matter to me would prefer my use of airport biometric technology. | 0.887 | ||||
3. Those who influence my actions motivate me to utilize airport biometric technology. | 0.869 | ||||
Trust in Information Protection [13,18,104] | 1. I trust that the airport will take measures to safeguard personal biometric information. | 0.841 | 0.754 | 0.902 | 0.901 |
2. I trust that the airport will not share any of my personal biometric information without obtaining my consent. | 0.869 | ||||
3. I trust that the airport biometric technology offers a high level of security. | 0.894 | ||||
Behavioral Intention [13,55,59] | 1. I plan to utilize the airport biometric technology in the future. | 0.919 | 0.819 | 0.931 | 0.928 |
2. I will suggest others to utilize the airport biometric technology. | 0.887 | ||||
3. I intend to use the airport biometric technology. | 0.908 |
PU | PEOU | TF | SI | TIP | BI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PU * | 0.820 ** | |||||
PEOU | 0.402 | 0.749 | ||||
TF | 0.267 | 0.471 | 0.778 | |||
SI | 0.245 | 0.212 | 0.175 | 0.723 | ||
TIP | 0.171 | 0.233 | 0.257 | 0.366 | 0.754 | |
BI | 0.419 | 0.457 | 0.358 | 0.387 | 0.539 | 0.819 |
Hypothesis | Standard Error | Standardized Coefficient | t-Value | p-Value | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1: PEOU → PU | 0.044 | 0.645 | 14.836 | *** | Supported |
H2: PEOU → BI | 0.063 | 0.281 | 4.902 | *** | Supported |
H3: PU → BI | 0.040 | 0.249 | 6.845 | *** | Supported |
H4: TF → PEOU | 0.030 | 0.758 | 18.124 | *** | Supported |
H5: TF → BI | 0.042 | 0.015 | 0.286 | 0.775 | Not supported |
H6: SI → BI | 0.048 | 0.070 | 1.844 | 0.065 | Not supported |
H7: TIP → BI | 0.044 | 0.472 | 11.432 | *** | Supported |
Path | Male | Female | Baseline Model | Nested Model | Chi-Square Difference | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8a: PEOU → PU | 0.656 *** | 0.586 *** | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 447.556 | Δχ2(1) = 0.719 (p > 0.05) | NS * |
H8b: PEOU → BI | 0.429 *** | 0.241 *** | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 446.842 | Δχ2(1) = 0.005 (p > 0.05) | NS |
H8c: PU → BI | 0.338 *** | 0.255 *** | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 447.851 | Δχ2(1) = 1.014 (p > 0.05) | NS |
H8d: TF → PEOU | 0.566 *** | 0.503 *** | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 447.903 | Δχ2(1) = 1.066 (p > 0.05) | NS |
H8e: TF → BI | −0.020 | 0.063 | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 448.035 | Δχ2(1) = 1.198 (p > 0.05) | NS |
H8f: SI → BI | 0.170 ** | −0.02 | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 450.214 | Δχ2(1) = 3.377 (p > 0.05) | NS |
H8g: TIP → BI | 0.410 *** | 0.643 *** | χ2(194) = 446.837 | χ2(195) = 453.372 | Δχ2(1) = 6.535 (p < 0.05) | S ** |
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Kim, J.H.; Song, W.-K.; Lee, H.C. Exploring the Determinants of Travelers’ Intention to Use the Airport Biometric System: A Korean Case Study. Sustainability 2023, 15, 14129. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914129
Kim JH, Song W-K, Lee HC. Exploring the Determinants of Travelers’ Intention to Use the Airport Biometric System: A Korean Case Study. Sustainability. 2023; 15(19):14129. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914129
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jun Hwan, Woon-Kyung Song, and Hyun Cheol Lee. 2023. "Exploring the Determinants of Travelers’ Intention to Use the Airport Biometric System: A Korean Case Study" Sustainability 15, no. 19: 14129. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914129