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Article

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges

1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala 32001, Iraq
2
College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 00965, Iraq
3
Department of Computer Science, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad 10013, Iraq
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11501; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511501
Submission received: 28 May 2023 / Revised: 5 July 2023 / Accepted: 20 July 2023 / Published: 25 July 2023

Abstract

This paper provides an in-depth review of the current state and future potential of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). The urgency for more eco-friendly and efficient alternatives to fossil-fuel-powered vehicles underlines the necessity of HFCVs, which utilize hydrogen gas to power an onboard electric motor, producing only water vapor and heat. Despite their impressive energy efficiency ratio (EER), higher power-to-weight ratio, and substantial emissions reduction potential, the widespread implementation of HFCVs is presently hindered by several technical and infrastructural challenges. These include high manufacturing costs, the relatively low energy density of hydrogen, safety concerns, fuel cell durability issues, insufficient hydrogen refueling infrastructure, and the complexities of hydrogen storage and transportation. Nevertheless, technological advancements and potential policy interventions offer promising prospects for HFCVs, suggesting they could become a vital component of sustainable transportation in the future.
Keywords: HFCVs; zero-emission vehicles; technical challenges; market acceptance; future prospects HFCVs; zero-emission vehicles; technical challenges; market acceptance; future prospects

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hassan, Q.; Azzawi, I.D.J.; Sameen, A.Z.; Salman, H.M. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11501. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511501

AMA Style

Hassan Q, Azzawi IDJ, Sameen AZ, Salman HM. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges. Sustainability. 2023; 15(15):11501. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511501

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan, Qusay, Itimad D. J. Azzawi, Aws Zuhair Sameen, and Hayder M. Salman. 2023. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges" Sustainability 15, no. 15: 11501. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511501

APA Style

Hassan, Q., Azzawi, I. D. J., Sameen, A. Z., & Salman, H. M. (2023). Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges. Sustainability, 15(15), 11501. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511501

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