Trends in the Environmental Conditions, Climate Change and Human Health in the Southern Region of Ukraine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
3. Results
3.1. Features of Climate Change in the Southern Region of Ukraine for 1900–2020
3.2. Extreme Weather Events
3.3. Regional Trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Dynamic
3.4. The Tendency of Thermal Bioclimatic Conditions Changes
3.5. Dynamic of the Health and Well-being Indicators of the Region
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Station | Latitude, Grad | Longitude, Grad | Altitude, m | Temperature, °C | Precipitation, mm/year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961–1990 | 1991–2020 | 1961–1990 | 1991–2020 | ||||
Kherson | 46.63 | 32.61 | 54 | 9.8 ± 0.9 | 10.9 ± 0.9 | 441 ± 86 | 430 ± 109 |
Mikolaiv | 47.03 | 31.96 | 50 | 10.0 ± 0.9 | 10.8 ± 0.9 | 410 ± 95 | 472 ± 89 |
Odesa | 46.43 | 30.76 | 42 | 10.1 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 0.9 | 464 ± 106 | 463 ± 105 |
Zaporizhzhia | 47.80 | 35.25 | 112 | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 510 ± 103 | 449 ± 97 |
Sector of Impact | Expected Impact Driver | Probability | Expected Level of Risk | Timeframe | Impact Indicators |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment and biodiversity | Warming | High | Moderate | Medium- and long-term | Expansion of the habitats of thermophilic species to the north. Increasing plant productivity. |
Dry weather | High | High | Short- and medium-term | Depletion of soils and water resources. Changes in biodiversity. Reduced plant productivity. Fires. Pests’ expansion. Costs of elimination of consequences. | |
Extremely hot weather | High | High | Short- and medium-term | Depletion of soils and water resources. Changes in biodiversity. Reduced plant productivity. Fires. Pests’ expansion. Costs of elimination of consequences. | |
Heavy rain | High | High | Short- and medium-term | Flooding, pollution of water bodies, damage to trees. Costs of elimination of consequences. | |
Thunderstorm, hailstorm, squall | Moderate | Moderate | Short- and medium-term | Damage. Fires. Costs of elimination of consequences. | |
Dry wind, sawtooth storm | Moderate | High | Medium- and long-term | Depletion of soils and water resources. Changes in biodiversity. Reduced plant productivity. Fires. Pests’ expansion. Costs of elimination of consequences. | |
Health | Warming | High | Moderate | Medium- and long-term | Improving the comfort of climatic conditions. |
Disturbed weather conditions | High | High | Short- and medium-term | Deteriorating health of the population. Increasing costs of medical care. | |
Anomalous high temperature | High | High | Short- and medium-term | Deteriorating health of the population with possible fatalities. Vulnerability to infections and viruses. Increasing costs of medical care. | |
Heavy rain | High | High | Short- and medium-term | Deteriorating health of the population with possible fatalities. Vulnerability to infections and viruses. Increasing costs of medical care. | |
Thunderstorm, hailstorm, squall | Moderate | Moderate | Short- and medium-term | Injuries and deteriorating health. Increasing costs of medical care. | |
Dry wind, sawtooth storm | Moderate | High | Short- and medium-term | Injuries and deteriorating health. Increasing costs of medical care. |
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Karamushka, V.; Boychenko, S.; Kuchma, T.; Zabarna, O. Trends in the Environmental Conditions, Climate Change and Human Health in the Southern Region of Ukraine. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5664. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095664
Karamushka V, Boychenko S, Kuchma T, Zabarna O. Trends in the Environmental Conditions, Climate Change and Human Health in the Southern Region of Ukraine. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5664. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095664
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaramushka, Viktor, Svitlana Boychenko, Tetyana Kuchma, and Olena Zabarna. 2022. "Trends in the Environmental Conditions, Climate Change and Human Health in the Southern Region of Ukraine" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5664. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095664