Social Media and the Pandemic: Consumption Habits of the Spanish Population before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Collection Process
2.3. Instruments
3. Results
3.1. Access to and Frequency of Use of Technological Devices before and during the Lockdown
3.2. Registration, Frequency and Type of Use of Social Media
4. Discussion and Conclusions
4.1. Theoretical Contributions
4.2. Practical Contributions
4.3. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age * | Gender | Count (%) | Total |
---|---|---|---|
10–26 years (Generation Z) | Female | 105 (26.45%) | 151 (38.04%) |
Male | 46 (11.59%) | ||
27–39 years (Generation Y) | Female | 54 (13.60%) | 75 (18.89%) |
Male | 21 (5.29%) | ||
40–51 years (Generation X) | Female | 37 (9.32%) | 54 (13.60%) |
Male | 17 (4.28%) | ||
52–71 years (Baby Boomer) | Female | 64 (16.12%) | 90 (22.67%) |
Male | 26 (6.55%) | ||
72–90 years (Silent Generation) | Female | 10 (2.52%) | 27 (6.80%) |
Male | 17 (4.28%) |
Dimensions | Items | Total | Typology |
---|---|---|---|
(D1) Sociodemographic data | 1–7 | 7 | Closed dichotomous nominal (gender) and polytomous interval questions (age) |
(D2) Use of social media before the lockdown | 8, 10, 11, 14 | 4 | Closed polytomous questions of a nominal nature with multiple-choice answers (several options may be chosen) |
(D3) Use of social media during the lockdown | 9, 12, 13, 15 | 4 | Closed polytomous questions of a nominal nature with multiple-choice answers (several options may be chosen) |
Total | 15 |
Use | Moment | Smart Phone | PC | Laptop | Tablet | Smart TV | Smart Watch | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Before | 8 (2%) | 253 (63.7%) | 71 (17.9%) | 180 (45.3%) | 157 (39.5%) | 312 (78.6%) | 374 (94.2%) |
During | 8 (2%) | 249 (62.7%) | 78 (19.6%) | 183 (46.1%) | 161 (40.6%) | 312 (78.6%) | 371 (93.5%) | |
Less than 1 h | Before | 46 (11.6%) | 97 (24.4%) | 144 (36.3%) | 130 (32.7%) | 66 (16.6%) | 52 (13.1%) | 15 (3.8%) |
During | 13 (3.3%) | 62 (15.6%) | 59 (14.9%) | 72 (18.1%) | 37 (9.3%) | 44 (11.1%) | 10 (2.5%) | |
1 to 2 h | Before | 100 (25.2%) | 21 (5.3%) | 88 (22.2%) | 55 (13.9%) | 92 (23.2%) | 10 (2.5%) | 2 (0.5%) |
During | 62 (15.6%) | 24 (6%) | 43 (10.8%) | 58 (14.6%) | 55 (13.9%) | 12 (3%) | 7 (1.8%) | |
2 to 3 h | Before | 131 (33%) | 9 (2.3%) | 49 (12.3%) | 23 (5.8%) | 55 (13.9%) | 9 (2.3%) | 3 (0.8%) |
During | 135 (34%) | 31 (7.8%) | 95 (23.9%) | 47 (11.8%) | 83 (20.9%) | 8 (2%) | 4 (1%) | |
3 to 5 h | Before | 72 (18.1%) | 7 (1.8%) | 30 (7.6%) | 8 (2%) | 19 (4.8%) | 4 (1%) | 2 (0.5%) |
During | 90 (22.7%) | 15 (3.8%) | 52 (13.1%) | 20 (5%) | 32 (8.1%) | 7 (1.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
More than 5 h | Before | 40 (10.1%) | 10 (2.5%) | 15 (3.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | 8 (2%) | 10 (2.5%) | 1 (0.3%) |
During | 89 (22.4%) | 16 (4%) | 70 (17.6%) | 17 (4.3%) | 29 (7.3%) | 14 (3.5%) | 4 (1%) | |
Total | Before | 389 (98%) | 144 (36.3%) | 326 (82.2%) | 217 (54.7%) | 240 (60.5%) | 85 (21.4%) | 23 (5.9%) |
During | 389 (98%) | 148 (37.2%) | 319 (80.3%) | 214 (53.8%) | 236 (59.5%) | 85 (21.4%) | 26 (6.6%) |
Social Media | None | Less than 1 h | 1 to 2 h | 2 to 3 h | 3 to 5 h | More than 5 h | Total * | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | |
103 (25.9%) | 150 (37.8%) | 197 (49.6%) | 91 (22.9%) | 71 (17.9%) | 88 (22.2%) | 19 (4.8%) | 44 (11.1%) | 4 (1%) | 16 (4%) | 3 (0.8%) | 8 (2%) | 294 (74.1%) | 247 (62.2%) | |
17 (4.3%) | 83 (20.9%) | 84 (21.2%) | 30 (7.6%) | 127 (32.2%) | 85 (21.4%) | 76 (19.1%) | 90 (22.7%) | 52 (13.1%) | 57 (14.4%) | 41 (10.3%) | 52 (13.1%) | 380 (95.9%) | 314 (79.2%) | |
YouTube | 131 (33%) | 173 (43.6%) | 134 (33.8%) | 67 (16.9%) | 76 (19.1%) | 54 (13.6%) | 34 (8.6%) | 66 (16.6%) | 16 (4%) | 25 (6.3%) | 6 (1.5%) | 12 (3%) | 266 (67%) | 224 (56.4%) |
127 (32%) | 171 (43.1%) | 99 (24.9%) | 59 (14.9%) | 69 (17.4%) | 57 (14.4%) | 52 (13.1%) | 50 (12.6%) | 34 (8.6%) | 28 (7.1%) | 16 (4%) | 32 (8.1%) | 270 (68%) | 226 (57.1%) | |
241 (60.7%) | 267 (67.3%) | 99 (24.9%) | 58 (14.6%) | 34 (8.6%) | 33 (8.3%) | 15 (3.8%) | 23 (5.8%) | 5 (1.3%) | 12 (3%) | 3 (0.8%) | 4 (1%) | 156 (39.4%) | 130 (32.7%) | |
Spotify | 228 (57.4%) | 259 (65.2%) | 78 (19.9%) | 52 (13.1%) | 38 (9.6%) | 22 (5.5%) | 22 (5.5%) | 28 (7.1%) | 21 (5.3%) | 14 (3.5%) | 10 (2.5%) | 22 (5.5%) | 169 (42.8%) | 138 (34.7%) |
332 (83.6%) | 344 (86.6%) | 57 (14.4%) | 41 (10.3%) | 3 (0.8%) | 10 (2.5%) | 3 (0.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 65 (16.5%) | 53 (13.4%) | |
302 (76.1%) | 322 (81.1%) | 81 (20.4%) | 48 (12.1%) | 10 (2.5%) | 12 (3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 12 (3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 95 (23.9%) | 75 (18.9%) | |
Telegram | 316 (79.6%) | 294 (74.1%) | 67 (16.9%) | 54 (13.6%) | 8 (2%) | 18 (4.5%) | 3 (0.8%) | 16 (4%) | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (1%) | 2 (0.5%) | 11 (2.8%) | 81 (20.5%) | 103 (25.9%) |
Snapchat | 323 (81.4%) | 344 (86.6%) | 67 (16.9%) | 45 (11.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (1%) | 3 (0.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 74 (18.8%) | 53 (13.4%) |
Tinder | 386 (97.2%) | 388 (97.7%) | 9 (2.3%) | 8 (2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (2.9%) | 9 (2.3%) |
Tumblr | 383 (96.5%) | 390 (98.2%) | 12 (3%) | 7 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (3.6%) | 7 (1.8%) |
Musical.ly | 384 (96.7%) | 385 (97%) | 7 (1.8%) | 6 (1.5%) | 4 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.5%) | 6 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (3.3%) | 12 (3%) |
TikTok | 355 (89.4%) | 303 (76.3%) | 21 (5.3%) | 43 (10.8%) | 10 (2.5%) | 20 (5%) | 7 (1.8%) | 18 (4.5%) | 3 (0.8%) | 11 (2.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 42 (10.7%) | 94 (23.6%) |
Other | 391 (98.5%) | 388 (97.7%) | 4 (1%) | 8 (2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.6%) | 9 (2.3%) |
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Gudiño, D.; Fernández-Sánchez, M.J.; Becerra-Traver, M.T.; Sánchez, S. Social Media and the Pandemic: Consumption Habits of the Spanish Population before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095490
Gudiño D, Fernández-Sánchez MJ, Becerra-Traver MT, Sánchez S. Social Media and the Pandemic: Consumption Habits of the Spanish Population before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095490
Chicago/Turabian StyleGudiño, Diego, María Jesús Fernández-Sánchez, María Teresa Becerra-Traver, and Susana Sánchez. 2022. "Social Media and the Pandemic: Consumption Habits of the Spanish Population before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095490