Age Discrimination and Employability in Healthcare Work: A Double-Edged Sword for Older Workers?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Age Discrimination
1.2. Internal Employability
1.3. Age Discrimination and Internal Employability
1.4. Age Differences in the Relationship between Age Discrimination and Internal Employability
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Internal Employability
2.3.2. Age Discrimination
2.3.3. Age
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion and Conclusions
4.1. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
4.2. Practical Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Education Level | % (N) |
---|---|
Master | 11.6% (N = 172) |
Bachelor | 35.7% (N = 527) |
Vocational education | 37.8% (N = 558) |
High school | 14.3% (N = 210) |
Primary school | 0.7% (N = 11) |
CR | AVE | |
---|---|---|
Internal employability T1 | 0.752 | 0.692 |
Internal employability T2 | 0.761 | 0.693 |
Age discrimination T1 | 0.798 | 0.674 |
Age discrimination T2 | 0.793 | 0.682 |
Variable | Type | χ2 | df | CFI | RMSEA | Δχ2 | Δdf | p | ΔCFI | ΔRMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age discrimination over time | Configural | 238.079 | 53 | 0.968 | 0.049 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Metric | 238.079 | 53 | 0.968 | 0.049 | 6.884 | 5 | 0.229 | 0 | 0.002 | |
Scalar | 244.963 | 58 | 0.968 | 0.047 | ||||||
Employability over time | Configural | 63.275 | 19 | 0.988 | 0.041 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Metric | 63.275 | 19 | 0.988 | 0.041 | 1.993 | 3 | 0.574 | 0 | 0.003 | |
Scalar | 65.268 | 22 | 0.988 | 0.038 |
Variable | Type | χ2 | df | CFI | RMSEA | Δχ2 | Δdf | p | ΔCFI | ΔRMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measurement invariance across groups | Configural | 1778.454 | 492 | 0.864 | 0.073 | 66.73 | 32 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Metric | 1855.184 | 524 | 0.859 | 0.072 | 183.51 | 32 | 0.000 | 0.014 | −0.002 | |
Scalar | 2038.698 | 556 | 0.843 | 0.074 |
M. | SD. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Internal employability T1 | 3.18 | 0.71 | ||||
2. Age discrimination T1 | 2.32 | 0.58 | −0.12 ** | |||
3. Internal employability T2 | 3.20 | 0.71 | 0.61 ** | −0.11 ** | ||
4. Age discrimination T2 | 3.68 | 0.59 | −0.14 ** | 0.54 ** | −0.15 ** | |
5. Age | 46.79 | 11.06 | −0.28 ** | −0.01 | −0.27 ** | 0.03 |
X2 | Df | p | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 0 | 718.374 | 174 | 0.001 | 0.945 | 0.933 | 0.046 | 0.050 |
Model 1 | 717.601 | 173 | 0.001 | 0.945 | 0.933 | 0.046 | 0.049 |
Model 2 | 712.541 | 173 | 0.001 | 0.945 | 0.933 | 0.046 | 0.048 |
Model 3 | 711.800 | 172 | 0.001 | 0.945 | 0.933 | 0.046 | 0.048 |
X2 | Df | p | ΔX2 | ΔDf | Δp | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constrained model | 421.641 | 14 | 0.001 | 421.641 | 14 | 0.000 |
Non-constrained model | 0.000 | 0 | 0.001 |
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Pak, K.; Furunes, T.; De Lange, A.H. Age Discrimination and Employability in Healthcare Work: A Double-Edged Sword for Older Workers? Sustainability 2022, 14, 5385. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095385
Pak K, Furunes T, De Lange AH. Age Discrimination and Employability in Healthcare Work: A Double-Edged Sword for Older Workers? Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5385. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095385
Chicago/Turabian StylePak, Karen, Trude Furunes, and Annet H. De Lange. 2022. "Age Discrimination and Employability in Healthcare Work: A Double-Edged Sword for Older Workers?" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5385. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095385